X80管线钢焊接热影响区的韧性分析

X80管线钢在焊接过程中,热影响区由于受到焊接过程热的作用,其组织和性能会发生较大的变化.韧性是天然气长输管线的重要性能,采用热模拟技术、现代工程测试手段和显微分析方法,分析了不同热输入参数下X80管线钢焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)韧性(夏比冲击功和CTOD)的差异及其原因.在一定范围内,较高焊接热输入下CGHAZ的韧性比较低热输入下CGHAZ的韧性明显高,超过一定范围,随着热输入的增加韧性激剧下降.造成不同热输入下韧性差异的根本原因是由CGHAZ显微组织的差异引起的.较低的热输入下CGHAZ中产生了一定量的低碳马氏体,从而导致韧性较差.     

特高压接入下电网网架结构的多目标规划

针对当前特高压接入下电网网架结构规划方法中存在安全性差和经济效益低的问题,提出特高压接入下电网网架结构的多目标规划方法.综合考虑安全性、可靠性及经济性指标,并将指标对应的客观权重和主观权重作为样本点,将主客观权重和集成权重偏差最小作为优化模型.在矩估计理论的基础上构建电网网架结构的多目标规划模型,提高了特高压接入下电网网架结构的多目标规划方法的安全性和经济效益.实现了特高压接入下电网网架结构的多目标规划.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of a hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze was investigated. Experimental materials were heat treated through different processes, including quenching, normalizing, aging and annealing, and their microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were characterized. It is found that quenching causes all β phase transformed into β phase, however, normalizing causes β phase transformed into β α and κ phases. When the quenched sample is aged, fine phase is precipitated from the as-quenched microstructure of β＇ phase. Annealing causes the transformation of β into a and κ phases. The results of mechanical property tests show that quenching, normalizing and aging improve the tensile strength and hardness of the experimental material, with a corresponding fall in elongation. Annealing raises the elongation but reduces the tensile strength and hardness. Furthermore, corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze ranks from worse to better in the following order： aged, quenched, normalized, hot-extruded and annealed. However, with the exposure time of corrosion test increasing, the difference of average corrosion rate between those nickel-aluminum bronzes tums small.     

Impact toughness of tungsten films deposited on martensite stainless steel

Tungsten films were deposited on stainless steel Charpy specimens by magnetron sputtering followed by electron beam heat treatment. Charpy impact tests and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the ductile-brittle transition behavior of the specimens. With decreasing test temperature the fracture mode was transformed from ductile to brittle for both kinds of specimens with and without W films. The data of the crack initiation energy, crack propagation energy, impact absorbing energy, fracture time and deflection as well as the fracture morphologies at test temperature of-70 ℃ show that W films can improve the impact toughness of stainless steel.     

湿法处理铜阳极泥新工艺的研究(小试报告)

一、前言目前,国内外广泛用于处理铜阳极泥的流程通常包括:硫酸化焙烧蒸硒、浸出脱铜、火法炼制金银合金及金银电解等工序。方法虽然比较成熟,但是过程复杂,生产周期长,金属回收率不高,特别是在火冶过程中放出大量有害气体,污染环境。因此,寻找高效率、低公害的处理方法已成为科研的重要课题,也是生产实际的迫切需要。     

熔融织构YBCO块样品的磁特性研究

对MTG区熔生长法,慢冷法,粉末熔融生长法这3种方法制备的熔融织构YBCO块样品进行了交流磁化率和磁阻的测量。根据实验结果计算了样品的钉扎势,并且发现3种方法制备的样品在150 mT外磁场下均显示出基本消除弱连接的特性;粉末融熔生长法所制样品中有较纯净123相和较好织构,质量最好。     

新型倾斜板技术制备半固态铝合金坯料和浆料

采用自行设计的波浪型倾斜板,在斜板冷却条件下制备了组织和触变性能优良的半固态合金坯料。而在斜板加热条件下制备出了组织优良的半固态合金浆料。在采用波浪型的倾斜板制备半固态合金过程中,在熔体爆发形核与枝晶破碎的共同作用下,形成了细小球形的半固态合金组织,浇注温度、冷却强度、斜板倾角和斜板表面材质是影响半固态合金组织的主要因素。得出了本试验条件下制备AlMg3合金半固态坯料的浇注温度范围为660~690℃;制备AlSi6Mg2合金半固态坯料的浇注温度范围为660~680℃;制备AlSi6Mg2半固态合金浆料的合理工艺条件为:斜板预热温度为300℃时,合金浇注温度为680℃。     

酪素/蒙脱土插层复合物制备及其耐水性能研究

在十六烷基季胺盐存在下进行蒙脱土插层得到[H4N(CH2)15CH3]+-蒙脱土插层物,酪素加热溶解后与[H4N(CH2)15CH]+-蒙脱土插层物混合,保温复合,然后沉淀分离,得到干酪素/蒙脱土纳米复合物。用XRD,TEM和TGA表征酪素纳米复合物的结构与性能。结果表明,插层复合物中蒙脱土晶片间距扩大,插层复合物耐热性能明显提高,与纯酪素相比,复合物拥有极好的耐水性能,特别适用于制备高速高性能啤酒生产线用贴标胶。     

水泥色度控制方法

总结了国内某水泥企业多年对水泥色度进行控制的实际经验,参照国外资料,分析、对比了水泥色度的各类影响因素,给出这些影响因素影响程度的相对大小。提出了水泥企业色度控制指标的推荐数值。针对顾客最容易提出的水泥色度问题,从效果评价、可操作性、负面影响、实施的优先程度等方面介绍了水泥色度的控制方法。     

N-[4-(4-溴丁氧基)-2-硝基苯基]乙酰胺的合成

以对乙酰氨基苯酚为原料,经烷基化、硝化合成N [4 (4 溴丁氧基) 2 硝基苯基]乙酰胺。用正交实验确定了烷基化反应的适宜条件为n(KOH)∶n(1,4 二溴丁烷)∶n(对乙酰氨基苯酚)=1 2∶2 8∶1,68～70℃反应80min,重结晶后收率为77 42%。硝化反应的适宜原料配比为n(HNO3)∶n(乙酸酐)∶n〔N [4 (4 溴丁氧基)苯基]乙酰胺〕=1 9∶9 6∶1,温度低于10℃反应收率可达92 2%。用薄层色谱、IR、1HNMR对产物进行了结构鉴定。分析目标产物及相关化合物的1HNMR谱,结果表明,在邻硝基乙酰苯胺及其衍生物中芳环上乙酰氨基邻位质子化学位移比按经验公式计算的预测值大0 6～1 3,这一特征是硝基和乙酰氨基相互作用的结果。