Effects of Subchronic Samarium Exposure on Testicle Tissue of Mice

Effects of Subchronic Samarium Exposure on Testicle Tissue of Mice     

Selective detection of alkanolamine vapors by ion mobility spectrometry with ketone reagent gases

The ion mobility (IMS) spectra of the alkanolamines, monoethanolamine (MEA), 3-amino-1-propanol (PRA), 4-amino-1-butanol (BUA), and 5-amino-1-pentanol (PEA) with acetone and 4-heptanone reagent gases have been measured using a hand-held spectrometer. Monomer and dimer peak patterns were observed for all the alkanolamines with acetone reagent gas. Drift times of monomer and dimer ion clusters for each alkanolamine increased linearly in order of size of alkyl group. Ammonia, Freon 22, and F76 diesel vapors, having similar or coincident mobilities, caused severe interference. Replacement of acetone with 4-heptanone reagent gas resulted in good separation by the altering drift times of product ions. The limit of detection was 0.005 ppm having a linear range of 0.005-0.7 ppm, and signal saturation occurred above 0.88 ppm. Detection was reversible, with a response time of 4 min and a slower recovery time of > 60 min, at vapor levels of 0.7 ppm and ambient nozzle and drift-region temperatures. In contrast to acetone chemistry, single-peak patterns were observed for the alkanolamines with the 4-heptanone reagent. Further, drift times unexpectedly remained stagnant with increasing alkyl-group size. From atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APcI) tandem mass spectral identifications and collision induced studies, dynamic changes in product-ion equilibria in the IMS drift region compensated by differences in collision cross sections were suggested as the governing causes of the unusual mobility effect.     

Characterization of chicken antisera raised against Aspergillus spp. by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays of three Aspergillus species have been developed. Laying hens were immunized with the exoantigens from Asp. flavus, Asp. ochreaus and Asp. versicolor. All test chickens except for one produced antisera raised against the exoantigens. The antisera production process and ELISA titer were analysed. Fourteen days after the first injection, the antisera began to produce largely, on the 35th day reached to the peak, and maintained a stable level until the 42nd day. The maximum ELISA titer of the antisera to the exoantigens from Asp. flavus, Asp. ochreaus and Asp. versicolor was 1:8,000, 1:10,000 and 1:10,000, respectively. The cross-reactivities of antisera were determined with seventeen species of Aspergillus, ten species of fungi from other genera and the buffer-extracts of grain. The antisera did not cross-react with the exoantigens from other genera and the buffer-extracts of grain. The antiserum to exoantigen from Asp. ochreaus was species-specific, whereas the antisera against Asp. flavus and Asp. versicolor tended to cross-react with other Aspergillus species to varying degrees. The results suggest that exoantigens immunoassays can be developed to indentify and detect Aspergillus genus in grains.     

A swept frequency multiplication technique for air-coupled ultrasonic NDE

A new technique has been investigated for improving the signals that can be obtained in air-coupled nondestruction evaluation (NDE). This relies on the wide bandwidth available from polymer-filmed capacitive transducers. The technique relies on a swept-frequency "chirp" signal, which is transmitted from a transducer in air. The new technique differs from existing time-domain correlation techniques, such as pulse compression, in that a single multiplication process is performed in the time domain to give a difference frequency signal. This then can be isolated easily in the frequency domain. It will be demonstrated that this new swept frequency multiplication (SFM) approach gives the potential for rapid air-coupled imaging.     

A complex virtual source approach for calculating the diffraction beam field generated by a rectangular planar source

In this paper, a complex virtual source approach for calculating the ultrasound field generated by a rectangular planar source is presented. Instead of using a real rectangular plane source, the equivalent sources that have complex amplitudes in complex space are used to compute the sound field distribution. The parabolic equation first is solved in the k-space domain by applying Fourier transform. The k-space domain source is then expressed as a set of Gaussian functions, and the related coefficients is determined by the optimization method. The analytic solution then is derived, and the effect of the parameters on the calculation accuracy is discussed. The comparison between the proposed fast numerical scheme and previous methods (Fresnel integral and Ocheltree's method) and are given in an example. The numerical results reveal that the computation time in obtaining accurate calculations is greatly reduced by using the proposed method.     

Spatial distribution of single-photon and two-photon fluorescence light in scattering media: Monte Carlo simulation

Three-dimensional fluorescence spatial distributions under single-photon and two-photon excitation within a turbid medium are studied with Monte Carlo simulation. It is demonstrated that two-photon excitation has an advantage of producing much less fluorescence light outside the focal region compared with single-photon excitation. With the increase of the concentration of scattering particles in a turbid medium, the position of the maximum fluorescence intensity point shifts from the geometric focal region toward the medium surface. Further studies show that the optical sectioning property of two-photon fluorescence microscopy is degraded in thick turbid media or when the numerical aperture of an objective becomes low.     

烧胀页岩生产页岩陶粒的研究

本文介绍了我国烧胀页岩的分布、特点及其生产页岩陶粒的方法和产品品种、性能。     

Active-reactive scheduling of activedistribution system considering interactiveload and battery storage

The increasing penetration of inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) significantly affects the fault characteristics of distribution networks. Fault analysis is a keystone for suitable protection scheme design. This paper presents the modelling methodology for distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and performs fault simulation based on the model. Firstly, a single inverter-based DG model based on the cascaded control structure is developed. Secondly, a simulation model of distribution network with two inverter-based DGs is established. Then, different fault simulations are performed based on the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Theoretical analyses are conducted to justify the simulation results, including the equivalent circuit of distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and the solution method for loop currents     

Grating lobe elimination in steerable parametric loudspeaker

In the past two decades, the majority of research on the parametric loudspeaker has concentrated on the nonlinear modeling of acoustic propagation and pre-processing techniques to reduce nonlinear distortion in sound reproduction. There are, however, very few studies on directivity control of the parametric loudspeaker. In this paper, we propose an equivalent circular Gaussian source array that approximates the directivity characteristics of the linear ultrasonic transducer array. By using this approximation, the directivity of the sound beam from the parametric loudspeaker can be predicted by the product directivity principle. New theoretical results, which are verified through measurements, are presented to show the effectiveness of the delay-and-sum beamsteering structure for the parametric loudspeaker. Unlike the conventional loudspeaker array, where the spacing between array elements must be less than half the wavelength to avoid spatial aliasing, the parametric loudspeaker can take advantage of grating lobe elimination to extend the spacing of ultrasonic transducer array to more than 1.5 wavelengths in a typical application.