Testing of NAPL simulator to predict migration of a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) under water table fluctuation in a sandy medium简

Nanoqueous phase liquid （NAPL） simulator is a powerful and popular mathematical model for modeling the flow and transport of non-aqueous phase liquids in subsurface, but the testing of its feasibility under water table fluctuation has received insufficient attention. The feature in a column test was tested through two cycles of water table fluctuation. The sandy medium in the column was initially saturated, and each cycle of water table fluctuation consisted of one water table falling and one rising, resulting in a drainage and an imbibition of the medium, respectively. It was found that the difference between the simulated and measured results in the first drainage of the column test was minor. However, with the propagation of the water table fluctuations, the simulation errors increased, and the simulation accuracy was not acceptable except for the first drainage in the two fluctuation cycles. The main reason was proved to be the estimation method of residual saturation used in this simulator. Also, based on the column tests, it was assumed that the resulting residual saturation from an incomplete imbibition process was a constant, with a value equal to that of the residual value resulting from the main imbibition process. The results obtained after modifying NAPL simulator with this assumption were found to be more accurate in the first cycle of water table fluctuation, but this accuracy decreased rapidly in the second one. It is concluded that NAPL simulator is not adequate in the case of LNAPL migration under water table fluctuation in sandy medium, unless a feasible assumption to estimate residual saturation is put forward.     

FM—3的光学仪器防霉应用研究报告（摘要）

用玻璃制成的各种透镜、棱镜、反射镜,是光学仪器最重要的组成部份。但霉菌孢子在适宜的温、湿度条件下,可依靠自身储备的养料在光学仪器上萌发长出菌丝来。此外,光学仪器的组成还包括脱脂棉、橡胶、软木、胶粘剂、抛光剂、润滑脂、防尘肪、密封蜡,以及皮革、塑料、涂料等,这些辅料在适宜的条件下没有一种是不长霉的。因此,光学仪器霉变所带来的危害是不容忽视的。     

Online dynamic measurement of saturation-capillary pressure relation in sandy medium under water level fluctuation

An online dynamic method based on electrical conductivity probe, tensiometer and datataker was presented to measure saturation-capillary pressure (S-p) relation in water-light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) two-phase sandy medium under water level fluctuation. Three-electrode electrical conductivity probe (ECP) was used to measure water saturation. Hydrophobic tensiometer was obtained by spraying waterproof material to the ceramic cup of commercially available hydrophilic tensiometer. A couple of hydrophilic tensiometer and hydrophobic tensiometer were used to measure pore water pressure and pore LNAPL pressure of the sandy medium, respectively. All the signals from ECP and tensiometer were collected by a data taker connected with a computer. The results show that this method can finish the measurement of S-p relation of a complete drainage or imbibition process in less than 60 min. It is much more timesaving compared with 10–40 d of traditional methods. Two cycles of water level fluctuation were produced, and four saturation-capillary pressure relations including two stable residual LNAPL saturations of the sandy medium were obtained during in 350 h. The results show that this method has a good durable performance and feasibility in the porous medium with complicated multiphase flow. Although further studies are needed on the signal stability and accuracy drift of the ECP, this online dynamic method can be used successfully in the rapid characterization of a LNAPL migration in porous media.     

平战结合多层车库的给排水和消防设计

针对漳泽电厂给排水设计的特殊要求，从给水设计、排水设计、消防给水系统的设计及防护等方面作了介绍，总结了管网及集水坑布置的基本原则，提出了给排水系统的平战转换措施。     

全国自动站运行能力统计及其影响因素分析

自动气象站运行能力的高低和探测数据的质量状况直接影响气象预报的准确性和决策服务的有效性,对自动站运行状况进行科学、合理的评估以及对设备运行状况影响因素的分析十分必要。基于上述原因,本文从通信能力、设备运行能力和设备故障率三方面对综合气象观测系统运行监控平台上运行的全国所有国家级自动气象站的运行情况进行了综合评估,并对影响设备运行能力的因子进行了分析。结果表明:自动站的观测要素数据错误和报文格式错误是导致观测数据报文到报率低的主要因素;气候因子是影响设备运行能力的重要因素,针对性的进行自动站的极端天气抵抗能力研究也显得十分重要;从故障的原因分类中可以看出,雷击占故障总量的40%,因此,加强自动站的防雷措施是提高自动站运行能力的重要环节;从自动站故障的发生部位的统计情况也可以发现,网络传输终端故障的发生频次也较高,统一网络传输方式也是降低设备故障,提高自动站运行能力的途径之一;从各自动站生产厂家数据到报率和设备运行能力的统计结果可以发现,广东、无锡所生产的自动站效能较高,而V a isa la的相对最低;自动站生产厂家多,设备接口不统一,参数复杂是影响自动站运行能力的最主要问题。因此,统一设备生产厂家是提高自动站运行能力的根本途径。     

分岔角对地下道路火灾烟气蔓延影响模拟

利用数值模拟研究岔路夹角及火源功率对城市地下道路平面分岔隧道内主、支路隧道烟气质量流量的分配特性及蔓延特性的影响。火源位于主隧道,距岔路口15m,设置火源功率为5、10、20、30MW。结果表明:20°~40°的分岔夹角变化范围内,岔路角度的改变对烟气沿火源上游主隧道的蔓延特性影响不大,但对火源下游主、支路隧道内的烟气蔓延有一定影响;岔路隧道的烟气质量流量分配比例随分岔夹角的增大逐渐减小,但总体变化幅度不大,支路隧道的烟气质量分配约占总产烟量的30%;火源功率对对主、支路隧道烟气质量流量分配比例影响不大。     

Sol-gel法制备CoxFe3-xO4薄膜的结构磁性及温度特性

采用溶胶一凝胶旋转包覆法在SiO2衬底上制备了CoxFe3-xO4(x=0.2～0.8)钴铁氧体薄膜.样品的磁性、结构及表面形貌分别采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)进行测量与分析,并对Co0.8Fe2.2O4薄膜进行了高温结构和磁性原位测量.室温测量结果表明,随Co2 含量增加,样品中的尖晶石相衍射峰逐渐增强,至x=0.8时样品形成单一的尖晶石结构,同时获得较高的磁性,矫顽力达到1.56×105A/m,并且薄膜的晶粒得到细化.高温原位测量结果表明,在500 ℃高温下样品的线膨胀系数为1.3×10-5K-1,表明Co0.8Fe2.2O4薄膜结构具有良好的热稳定性.     

铸石制品在冶金工业中的应用

铸石制品是一种硅酸盐结晶材料。它是以玄武岩、辉绿岩等天然岩,或是以某些工业废料(如炼铁高炉渣、煤矸石等)为主要原料,经过配料、熔融、浇注成型,并进行热处理而得的制品。铸石具有较高的耐磨性和化学稳定性。其耐磨性在一定条件下比合金钢、普碳钢、铸铁高几倍、十几倍、甚至几十倍。在化学稳定性方面除氢氟酸和过热磷酸外,铸石的耐酸、耐碱度都在90％以上。铸石的应用范围很广,目前普遍用于冶金、煤炭、化工、电力和建材等工业部门。 长期实验证明,应用铸石制品不仅可以节约钢铁,有色金属和橡胶等材料,而且可     

基于LTCC技术的多联收发模块

介绍了一种基于低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）多层基板技术的多联收发模块的原理和设计。通过多联收发模块与单通道T／R组件在16单元相控阵雷达天线子阵中应用的对比,指出多联收发模块更有利于雷达系统集成,有助于减小雷达的体积和重量,提高系统可靠性。文中还给出了双联收发模块的设计实例,证明了基于LTCC基板多联收发模块的可实现性。     

纳米晶Co0.8Fe2.2O4薄膜的室温和高温结构及磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶旋转包覆法在玻璃衬底上制备了CO0.8Fe2.2O4薄膜.用振动样品磁强计和X射线衍射仪对样品的磁性和结构进行了室温及高温原位测量;用X射线光电子能谱仪和原子力显微镜测量了样品的成分及表面形貌.室温测量结果表明,400%退火时,样品已生成单一的尖晶石相,随退火温度升高衍射峰增高.样品的晶粒尺寸较小(14.2～29.6 nm),有利于降低磁记录材料的晶界噪音.630%退火样品的矫顽力达到1.56 X 105A·m-1.高温原位测量发现,500%高温时线膨胀系数约为1.3 X 10-5K-1,显示样品结构的热稳定性非常好,适合于磁光记录过程.随温度升高,样品由亚铁磁性逐渐过渡到顺磁性.