普罗旺斯 生活梦想家的艺术盛宴

法国南部的7月是薰衣草和向日葵盛开的季节,这里大片紫色和大片金黄恐怕是地球上最难一遇的自然色版了,只有在这个地域在这个时节可以一见,喜欢摄影的人会抓住清晨与夕阳下最好的光线,捕捉最迷人的色彩。     

Fracture toughness of frozen meat

The fracture toughness and dynamic mechanical moduli of frozen beef M. semitendinosus were investigated at various sub-zero temperatures using several different test geometries. Traditional fracture mechanics methods were considered inapplicable to frozen meat, since considerable plastic flow occurs in addition to elastic deformation and fracture. Graphical work area methods still apply, based on calculating areas under load-deflection diagrams to measure the energy used up to fracture. Total work to fracture was found to vary both with temperature and geometry, with a peak occurring between -10°C and -15°C. It was shown that it is possible to separate out the components of fracture and flow using two methods: microtome cutting and compact tension. In microtome cutting, the cutting energy was found to depend on the thickness of cut, increasing linearly from 50 μm to 500 μm. This variation is attributed to a dependence of the volume of the plastic zone size at the cutting tip on the thickness. By extrapolation to zero thickness, an essential value of fracture energy of approximately 100J/m(2) was determined, assuming the absence of large-scale plastic yielding. It was also possible to determine a value for the essential work of fracture using graphical work area methods in compact tension, obtaining values between 100 and 200 J/m(2). Dynamic mechanical testing showed loss peaks in mechanical damping occurring between -5°C and -10°C, with both temperature and magnitude of these peaks varying with frequency. Cryo-scanning electronic microscopy showed evidence of the nature of the fracture transition within frozen meat, indicating ductile deformation at higher temperatures (above -15°C), and brittle fracture at lower temperatures (below -15°C).     

国外Cr化学的研究开发动向

C1化学就是以一氧化碳(CO)、甲醇(CH_3OH)、甲烷(CH_4)氢氰酸(HCN)、二氧化碳(CO_2)等一碳化合物为起始原料,合成含有两个碳原子以上的基本有机化合物的技术。1973年“石油危机”以来,工业发达国家一方面谋求资源的合理利用及降低能耗,一方     

二氢突厥酮的合成

α、β-二氢突厥酮是保加利亚玫瑰油的主要香气物质,云南省化工研究院以环柠檬醛为起始原料,采用新型催化剂得到了这两种二氢突厥酮产品。经专家鉴定,该技术在国内处于领先水平。该文对其中的假性二氢突厥醇的制备条件进行了详细的讨论,并简述了二氢突厥酮产品的精制方法。     

Comparing surface residue transfer efficiencies to hands using polar and nonpolar fluorescent tracers

Transfer of chemicals from contaminated surfaces such as foliage, floors, and furniture is a potentially significant source of both occupational exposure and children's residential exposure. Increased understanding of relevant factors influencing transfers from contaminated surfaces to skin and resulting dermal-loading will reduce uncertainty in exposure assessment. In a previously reported study, a fluorescence imaging system was developed, tested, and used to measure transfer of riboflavin residues from surfaces to hands. Parameters evaluated included surface type, surface loading, contact motion, pressure, duration, and skin condition. Results of the initial study indicated that contact duration and pressure were not significant for the range of values tested, but that there are potentially significant differences in transfer efficiencies of different compounds. In the study reported here, experimental methods were refined and additional transfer data were collected. A second fluorescent tracer, Uvitex OB, with very different physicochemical properties than riboflavin, was also evaluated to better characterize the range of transfers that may be expected for a variety of compounds. Fluorescent tracers were applied individually to surfaces and transfers to skin were measured after repeated hand contacts with the surface. Additional trials were conducted to compare transfer of tracers and co-applied pesticide residues. Results of this study indicate that dermal loadings of both tracers increase through the seventh brief contact. Dermal loading of Uvitex tends to increase at a higher rate than dermal loadings of riboflavin. Measurement of co-applied tracer and pesticide suggest results for these two tracers may provide reasonable bounding estimates of pesticide transfer.     

Solubility of C60 in solvent mixtures

The potential large-scale production of fullerene C60 and its widespread use in consumer products may translate into occupational and public exposure and in long-term environmental exposure. To assess the risk and fate of C60 in the environment, it is important to understand its solvate formation in common industrial solvents as the solvates may affect various properties of C60 including reactivity and toxicity, particularly when solvates occur in C60 clusters. In this study, the solubility measurements in mixed solvent system can provide useful information about solvate formation. The solubility of C60 was measured in pure toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, and acetonitrile to be 3000, 11, 1.4, and 0.04 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the solubility of C60 was measured in mixtures of toluene-acetonitrile, toluene-ethanol, toluene-tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran. The solubility data were modeled with some accuracy using Wohl's equation. The estimated crystal energy term for C60 in tetrahydrofuran was different than that in the other solvents, indicating that the C60 solid phase in equilibrium with tetrahydrofuran solution may be a solvated crystal.     

风动篩砂机

我厂利用风动春砂工具改装了一架篩砂机,构造如附图。可利用风动舂工具室閑的时候进行篩砂,篩里有渣子时可以把篩子拿下倒出。不用时还可以把架子拆散,不占地方。