退火温度对纳米TiO2薄膜微结构的影响

利用XRD、IR、UV-VIS、AFM、XPS等手段,研究了退火温度对溶胶–凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2薄膜微结构和表面形貌的影响。450~600℃退火处理的薄膜呈锐钛矿和金红石型混晶结构,700℃退火后为纯金红石相;水峰的吸收峰消失在300~500℃之间,至500℃有机基团完全消失,薄膜表面主要有C,Ti,O三种元素;改变退火温度,可以使薄膜的禁带宽度在3.26~3.58eV之间变化,可以在一定范围内,获得不同折射率的TiO2纳米薄膜;薄膜的表面粗糙度(RMS)为2~3nm。     

特低孔低渗裂缝性油藏酸化改造效果分析

公山庙油田位于四川盆地中北部,于1990年投入试采,区域构造属于川中古隆中斜平缓构造区营山构造群的中部,属特低孔低渗、孔隙裂缝性多产层开采的复杂油田。油藏储层非均质性强,油气富集主要受高能滩相灰岩与裂缝的双重控制,宏观裂缝或微裂缝是获得产能的必要条件。因油田为消耗式开采,年自然递减率高达16%左右,采用增产工艺措施改造储层是油田稳定生产、延缓递减的重要途径。针对近年来酸化增产工艺措施井的生产效果进行了综合分析,对影响措施效果的因素进行了较深入的研究,为下步油田的储层改造、维持油田稳产具有重要的指导意义。实践证明,油田实施的酸化改造措施能有效改善近井地带的渗流条件和沟通较远地带裂缝,形成有效的油流通道,这对于其他同类油田具有一定的借鉴意义。     

HB1区块异常高压气藏气井合理产量研究

HB1区块气藏属于典型的异常高压、低孔低渗、海相碳酸盐岩薄层气藏。由于异常高压气藏的特殊性,气井合理配产对气藏高效开发具有十分重要的作用。针对HB1井的地质特点,利用前期研究成果,采用合理生产压差法、气井流入与流出曲线法、无阻流量法、试采分析法和数值模拟法等5种方法对HB1合理产量进行了研究。通过综合分析认为,HB1井在试采初期的合理产量是48×104m3/d,如考虑在试采过程中压力敏感性、气藏压力变化对异常高压气藏开发效果影响较大,则这一阶段的合理产量应为30×104m3/d。按照这一思路与方法,确定了后续几口气井的合理产量。     

基于上转换发光的可见/近红外光催化研究现状及展望

上转换发光材料可将低能光子转换为高能光子,对于太阳能的转化利用具有潜在的应用前景。本文以TiO₂为例,介绍了上转换发光在可见/近红外光催化领域的研究背景,说明了光能吸收、光能转换、光能转移、表面反应的光能利用机制,总结了上转换发光的研究进展。同时重点分析了稀土上转换发光在可见/近红外光催化领域的研究现状,阐述了上转换发光与其它改性方法协同提高TiO₂光催化效率的基本原理。最后提出了基于复合上转换发光的光催化研究思路,展望了上转换发光在光催化中的应用前景。     

Fe~(3+)、Eu~(3+)共掺纳米TiO_2光催化降解N-(2-苯并咪唑基)-氨基甲酸甲酯

采用溶胶-凝胶-微波法制备Fe3+、Eu3+共掺杂纳米TiO2(Fe/Eu-TiO2),并通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(FS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测定(BET)等手段对其进行表征。结果表明:在500℃氮气保护下退火制得的Fe/Eu-TiO2为锐钛矿相纳米颗粒,平均粒径为20—50 nm;对可见光的响应范围为370—770 nm。光催化降解N-(2-苯并咪唑基)-氨基甲酸甲酯(多菌灵)的实验表明,Fe3+、Eu3+共掺杂对TiO2光催化表现出协同增效作用,在可见光下能产生更多的羟基自由基,对多菌灵降解速率常数kapp为0.046 66 min-1,大于分别单掺Fe3+和Eu3+的TiO2纳米粒子。     

儿童伤害的类型、危险因素及预防措施

伤害属于一类疾病,国际疾病分类(ICD-10)已将其单独列为一类.凡因为能量(机械能、热能、化学能等)的传递或干扰超过人体的耐受性造成组织损伤,或窒息导致缺氧,影响正常活动,需要医治或看护,均称为伤害[1].伤害是全球各国面临的一个重要的公共卫生问题.     

聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化薄膜的制备及其透光、隔热性能

以PMDA和ODA为单体原料、DMF为溶剂、TEOS为有机硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PI/SiO2杂化薄膜,测试了杂化薄膜的透光率和隔热性能;采用FT-IR、SEM、TG-DTA等分析手段对杂化薄膜的结构、微观形貌及热稳定性进行了表征.结果表明,杂化薄膜的可见光透过率高于85%,紫外光透过率低于10%.隔热性能测试结果显示,杂化薄膜具有良好的隔热性能.结构分析证明,热处理后生成了聚酰亚胺环,形成了有机相-无机相互穿结构.热重分析表明,掺杂SiO2的薄膜失重5%的温度升高了24℃.     

Preparation of Palladium-Silica Conjugated Membrane for Selective Hydrogen Permeation

Palladium membranes were prepared on an a-alumina support by metal-organic compound chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method from palladium(Ⅱ) acetate precursor. Permeation properties of hydrogen and helium gas were studied as a function of the number of times of deposition of palladium on the peeling off phenomenon of palladium, which is common in electroless plated membrane, was observed. Silica was introduced into the pores to prevent the palladium grain from peeling off. The palladium-silica conjugated membrane does not show the peeling off phenomenon and can withstand the high temperature up to 800CCCC which is the upper limit of our apparatus. The separation factor for hydrogen gas over carbon dioxide gas was improved with the increase of number of times of silica coating by sacrificing the H2 permeation and finally increased to four times. The improvement on the separation of hydrogen gas over carbon dioxide for palladium-silica conjugated membrane was evaluated and a model of permeation pattern     

sol-gel法制备纳米TiO_2-SiO_2宽带高增透膜

通过模拟计算设计出一种透射比为99%、包含一层TiO2薄膜和一层SiO2薄膜的宽带高增透膜。两层薄膜均由溶胶-凝胶法制得并采用提拉法成形于玻璃基片上。对增透膜样品的透射比、表面形貌、膜厚等进行了表征,考察了提拉速度、退火温度、催化条件等对其透射比、表面均匀性的影响。结果表明:增透膜的使用提高了玻璃基片的透射比;当提拉速度为9cm/min,增透膜厚约为255nm时,基片在400～800nm波段的透射比提高了7%。控制退火温度,可以使增透膜在某些波段的透射比增强。增透膜样品的表面均匀性良好,室温下膜层的均方根表面粗糙度(RMS)为1.682,平均粗糙度(RA)为1.208,在550℃的温度以下,随着退火温度升高,表面粗糙度降低。     

Pd-SiO2复合膜的氢气选择渗透特性

Palladium membranes were prepared on an a-alumina support by metal-organic compound chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method from palladium(Ⅲ) acetate precursor. Permeation properties of hydrogen and helium gas were studied as a function of the number of times of deposition of palladium on the peeling off phenomenon of palladium, which is common in electroless plated membrane, was observed. Silica was introduced into the pores to prevent the palladium grain from peeling off. The palladium-silica conjugated membrane does not show the peeling off phenomenon and can withstand the high temperature up to 800℃ which is the upper limit of our apparatus.The separation factor for hydrogen gas over carbon dioxide gas was improved with the increase of number of times of silica coating by sacrificing the H2 permeation and finally increased to four times. The improvement on the separation of hydrogen gas over carbon dioxide for pulladium-silica conjugated membrane was evaluated and a model of permeation pattern (palladium and silica) was proposed. This model suggests that the separation factor for hydrogen over carbon dioxide could be improved by introducing silica layer because the silica layer fills the pores and reduces the gas permeation without sacrificing the hydrogen permeation through the palladium region. These results indicate that the introduction of silica into the palladium grain is a promising means to improve the hydrogen separation performance of palladium based composite membranes.