用差分最大气泡压力法测定对二甲苯+乙酸体系的表面张力

本文采用经改进了的差分最大气泡压力法建立了一套表面张力测定装置,并对装置进行了测试。用该装置测定了对二甲苯和醋酸体系在常压下,30℃～70℃范围内,不同浓度下的表面张力,并用两种方法对数据进行了关联,为PTA的工程设计提供既方便又可靠的基础数据。     

定位贡献方法计算有机物熔点

A new method is proposed based on the position group contribution additivity for the prediction of melting points of covalent compounds. The characteristics of this method are the use of position distribution function, which could distinguish between most isomers including cis or trans structure of organic compounds. Contributions for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives containing oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and sulfur, are given. Results are compared with those by the most commonly used estimating methods. The average derivation for prediction of normal melting temperature of 730 compounds is 14.46 K, compared to 29.33 K with the method of Joback, and 27.81 K with the method of Constantinou-Gani. The present method is not only more accurate, but also much simpler and more stable.     

减少二氧化碳排放的烃类制氢方法

氢气在炼油，化工，冶金，电子等行业有着广泛的用途，其用量越来越大。氢气还被公认是解决环境污染问题的真正的清洁燃料。但传统的烃类制氢方法在制取氢气的同时，伴随着大量的“温室气体”二氧化碳排放。本文探讨了减少二氧化碳排放的烃类制氢方法，认为烃类分解为氢气和炭黑是比较合适的制氢途径。     

甲烷在烷烃中溶解性质的研究

分析了高压下甲烷在从乙烷到正十六烷共计十六种溶剂中的溶解度数据，对同一温度不同压力下的数据进行了分析并关联得出相应的亨利系数，通过分析得知甲烷在所分析数据的压力范围内也符合亨利定律，同时对甲烷在不同溶剂中的亨利系数和温度的变化趋势作图，并且详细分析了溶剂的碳原子数，支链甲基和直链碳原子数对甲烷亨利系数的影响，拟俣得到了亨利常数与温度关联式的系数，同时提出了以临界体积为参数的甲烷在饱和烃中亨利系数的估算方法，为液态天然气的使用提供了必要的基础数据和计算方法。     

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF VISCOSITY AND ITS CORRELETION WITH TEMPERATURE FOR GASEOUS SUBSTENCES UNDER NORMEL PRESSURE

The viscosity data of 61 gaseous substances under normal pressure are critically assessed.The datacollected were published either in the years from 1967 to 1979 for the fifty of the substances or from1960 to 1966 for the others.The mathematical expressions used in the literature for correlating viscositydata of gaseous substances with temperature are reviewed,systematized and selected to correlate thedata assessed.The constants of the selected correlations are determined by the method of least squareswith a digital computer.The values of viscosity calculated by these correlations are then compared withthe experimental measurements.For the four-constants correlations,η=A_0+A_1T+A_2T~2+A_3T~3(Ⅰ) and lnη=A_0+B_0lnT+B_1/T+B_2/T~2(Ⅱ),the overall per cent deviations are 0.160 and 0.157 respectively.Equation(Ⅰ) is recommended for simplicity of calculation.The two-constants correlations,η-KT~(3/2)/(C+T)(Ⅲ),η=A_0+A_1T(Ⅳ) and η=aT~n(Ⅴ) have nearly the same accuracy of estimating viscosity values.Equation(Ⅳ) is simple for use and equation (Ⅲ) can correlate data of wider temperature range with an overallper cent deviation of 0,460.     

CORRELATION OF RECENT IDEAL GAS HEAT-CAPACITY DATA WITH TEMPERATURE

The four coefficients A,B,C and D of the correlation of ideal gas heat capacity,C_p~0=A BT CT~2 DT~3,have been determined for 435 substances by the method of least squares with a digital computer onthe basis of the recently published C_p~O data during the period of 1968 to 1978.The average percent devia-tion of the calculated values of C_p~O from the experimental values is 0.160.The substances have been selec-ted according to their relative importance in fundamental chemical industries.For part of the substancesselected,there are so far still no heat-capacity correlations,and for the others,the already existing cor-relations are not based on recently published experimental C_P~O,data.     

3-羟基丁醛液相氧化反应中环流反应器的设计及其参数估算

液体循环速度是环流反应器的主要特征参数之一，本文设计并加工了环流反应器。为了实现工业放大，对设计的环流反应器，通过对整个反应器的能量衡算，提出了液体循环速度的估算公式，采用该估算公式对本实验条件下的循环速度进行了估算。并与Provic等由实验结果回归的经验估算公式的估算值进行了比较，结果表明二者的估算值非常接近。     

3-羟基丁酸甲酯的合成研究

聚3-羟基丁酸酯是生物可完全降解塑料，是解决“白色污染”的有效途径。3-羟基甲酯是制备可降解塑料的重要原料。本文分析了影响3-羟基丁酸甲酯合成的各种因素，确定了最佳工艺条件。     

新近理想气体热容数据与温度的关联

根据1968年至1978年期间新近发表的C_p~o数据,最小二乘法由电子计算机计算,确定了435种物质的理想气体热容C_p~o与温度的四项关联式C_p~o=A+BT+CT~2+DT~3中的常数A、B、C、D。计算的C_p~o值与实验值的平均百分误差为0.160。这些物质是按它们在基本化学工业中的相对重要性选择的。它们或是还没有C_p~o的温度关联式,或是虽然已有这种关联式,但并不是基于新近发表的C_p~o数据。