常规流场下各向异性扩散层对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能影响

为了研究扩散层各向异性对电池性能的影响,以XD=Di,j ^y/Di,j ^x 为各向异性的表征,建立了使用常规流场的质子交换膜燃料电池二维传质模型.考虑了阴阳极内物质的对流和扩散、水和质子在膜内传递以及催化层的电化学反应.利用有限差分法对控制方程进行离散,采用逐次超松驰法求解得到了阴阳极反应气体和水的浓度分布以及催化层电流密度、膜中水含量、膜中电势和电流密度的分布.分析结果表明：在1≤XD≤4时增大XD有利于提高电池性能,但随着XD增大其对电池性能的影响逐渐减小;并且XD对电池性能的影响主要体现在对阴极和膜性能的影响上,其对阳极性能的影响甚微.     

The effect of wall roughness on the liquid removal in micro-channels related to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)

In this paper, the effect of the wall roughness on the water behavior related to the PEMFCs gas channel is investigated by the two-phase flow simulation. And, the different wetting conditions of the wall surface are considered, i.e. hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic surface. The relative roughness height and the roughness element density as well as the roughness element type are also considered in the study. And the results show: (1) for hydrophilic surface, water behavior for smooth case is different from the roughness cases, due to the effect of roughness on the water slug morphology even for r/H = 0.2% roughness. (2) r/H = 0.2% is positive for water removal and will not lead to the high pressure drop for hydrophilic surface, (3) r/H = 5% is advantageous for water removal for hydrophilic surface but disadvantageous for hydrophobic case, and the pressure drop greatly increases for both cases, (4) for hydrophobic surface, roughness of r/H = 1% and r/H = 2% slow down the water removal speed, but will not affect the amount of the removable water, (5) there is nearly no effect for r/H = 0.2% for hydrophobic case, (6) for both conditions, the average pressure drop obviously increases when r/H ≥ 2%. (7) Increase of the roughness element can help water removal for hydrophilic case but no obvious function for hydrophobic surface. (8) The triangle roughness element is better than rectangle element with the same height.     

A three-dimensional analysis of the effect of anisotropic gas diffusion layer(GDL) thermal conductivity on the heat transfer and two-phase behavior in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)

A three-dimensional and two-phase model was employed to investigate the effect of the anisotropic GDL thermal conductivity on the heat transfer and liquid water removal in the PEMFCs with serpentine flow field and semi-counter flow operation. The GDL with different anisotropic thermal conductivity in the three directions (x, y, z) was simulated for four cases. As a result, the water saturation, temperature, species, current, potential distribution and proton conductivity were obtained. According to the comparison between the results of each case, some new conclusions are obtained and listed as below: (1) The anisotropic GDL produces the high temperature difference than that of isotropic case, and the in-plane thermal conductivity perpendicular to the gas channels is more important than that of along channels, which may produce the larger temperature difference. (2) Water saturation decreases due to the large temperature difference in the anisotropic case, but some water vapor may condense in the area neighbor to the channel ribs due to the cool function of the current collector and the great temperature difference. (3) The anisotropic thermal conductivity in the through-plane direction and the in-plane direction perpendicular to the gas channels can lead to the decrease of the membrane conductivity. (4) The isotropic GDL is better than that of anisotropic one for the uniform current density. Also, in-plane thermal conductivity perpendicular to the channels has more negative effect on the current density distribution in the membrane than that of the along channels one.     

Steam reforming of methanol for hydrogen production over nanostructured wire-like molybdenum carbide catalyst

Steam reforming of methanol over nanostructured wire-like molybdenum carbides, which were synthesized by direct carburization of aniline-intercalated molybdenum based organic-inorganic hybrid composite at different temperatures, were investigated in details. SEM and TEM images revealed that the obtained wire-like molybdenum carbide was composed of nano-particles (10–20 nm) and had microporous structure. These wire-like molybdenum carbides showed higher catalytic activity than those synthesized via the conventional temperature programmed reaction (TPRe) method. It is found that the wire-like molybdenum carbide synthesized at 675 °C had higher surface area (93.2 m²/g) and showed more excellent catalytic activity and longer term stability. XRD results indicated that more α-MoC_1−x phase existed in this kind of molybdenum carbide. It indicated that an alternative high-performance molybdenum carbide catalyst can be easily obtained by adjusting the synthesis condition.     

支撑形式及多孔电极结构参数对SOFC性能的影响

研究不同结构设计条件下，活化极化、欧姆极化、浓差极化对SOFC性能的影响。在分析浓差极化时，综合考虑了普通扩散和Knudsen扩散，使模型更接近实际。采用灵敏度分析方法，分析了5个结构参数对SOFC性能的影响。结果表明，在该文的分析条件下，阳极支撑的设计具有较好的输出特性。     

Performance comparison of three solid oxide fuel cell power systems

An energy analysis of three typical solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems fed by methane is carried out with detailed thermodynamic model. Simple SOFC system, hybrid SOFC‐gas turbine (GT) power system, and SOFC‐GT‐steam turbine (ST) power system are compared. The influences of air ratio and operative pressure on the performance of SOFC power systems are investigated. The net system electric efficiency and cogeneration efficiency of these power systems are given by the calculation model. The results show that internal reforming SOFC power system can achieve an electrical efficiency of more than 49% and a system cogeneration efficiency including waste heat recovery of 77%. For SOFC‐GT system, the electrical efficiency and cogeneration efficiency are 61% and 80%, respectively. Although SOFC‐GT‐ST system is more complicated and has high investment costs, the electrical efficiency of it is close to that of SOFC‐GT system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开敞空间蒸气云爆炸压力的实验研究

An experimental system was setup to study the pressure field of unconfined vapor cloud explosions.The semi-spherical vapor clouds were formed by slotted 0.02mm polyethylene film.In the Center of the cloud was an ignition electrode that met ISO6164“Explosion protection System“ and NFPA68 “Guide for Venting of Deflagrations“. A data-acquisition system,with dymame responding time less than 0.001s with 0.5% accuracy,recorded the pressure-time diagram of acetylene-air mixture explosion with stoichiometrical ratio.The initial cloud diameters varied from 60cm to 300cm.Based on the analysis of experimental data,the quantitative relationship is obtained for the cloud explosion pressure,the cloud radius and the distance from ignition point .Present results provide a useful way to evaluate the building damage caused by unconfined vapor cloud explosions and to determine the indispensable explosion grade in the application of multi-energy model.     

甲烷在SOFC阳极中反应的条件和规律

以8%mol Y2O3稳定的ZrO2(8YSZ)为电解质、Ni-8YSZ为阳极,研究了不同电流密度、甲烷浓度和反应温度下,甲烷在固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中由部分氧化到完全氧化转变的规律。在1 000℃下、甲烷浓度为4.2%时,由部分氧化转变为完全氧化的临界电流密度为0.384~0.512 A/cm2,该值与甲烷浓度及温度成正比。     

Efficient recovery of high‐purity aniline from aqueous solutions using pervaporation‐fractional condensation system

Selective recovery of valuable minor component with high‐purity form from dilute aqueous solution is an interesting issue in the area of organophilic pervaporation. High‐purity aniline was recovered with a high production rate from dilute aqueous solution by a pervaporation‐fractional condensation (PVFC) coupling system. The effects of downstream pressure and temperature (the first condenser) on the performance of PVFC system were investigated based on experimental measurements and Aspen simulations. Sorption and desorption experiments demonstrated that the sorption selectivity of poly(ether block amide) (PEBA‐2533) membrane to aniline was extremely high, indicating excellent pervaporation performance for aniline/water solutions. The perfect integration of high‐performance PEBA‐2533 membrane with the fractional condensation process yielded high production rate of 1222.5 g/(m² h) as well as high recovery efficiency (86.5%) for recovering high‐purity aniline in the first condenser when feed concentration and temperature were 1 wt % and 80°C, respectively. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4445–4455, 2015     

以干甲烷为燃料的SOFC阳极反应及材料的研究进展

描述了在固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 阳极上可能发生的化学反应及电化学反应,以及以干甲烷为燃料气时阳极上的反应机制.介绍了目前主要的 SOFC 阳极材料,即Ni基材料、Cu基材料及CeO2基氧化物的特点及研究进展.