碳量子点的生物应用:成像、载药与毒性

碳量子点作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有荧光性能优异、尺寸小、毒性低等诸多优势,因而具有良好的应用前景,尤其在生物医学领域有突出的应用价值,近年来引起了科研者们的广泛关注。在介绍碳量子点光学性质的基础上,重点综述了碳量子点在生物成像、诊疗剂应用及碳量子点生物毒性等方面的最新研究进展,并探讨了碳量子点未来的发展方向和前景。     

Cigarette smoking and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: a hypothesis to explain the paradox

As recognized precursor lesions to colorectal cancer, colorectal adenomatous polyps have been studied to enhance knowledge of colorectal cancer etiology. Although most of the known risk factors for colorectal cancer are also associated with the occurrence of colorectal adenomas, cigarette smoking has had a strong, consistent relationship with colorectal adenomas but is generally not associated with colorectal cancer. The explanation for this paradox is unknown. With data collected in 1986-1988 during a large case-control study based on colonoscopy results in New York City, New York, the authors investigated the possibility that the paradox may arise because subjects with colorectal adenomas were included in the control group of cancer case-control studies. The authors found a statistically significant increased risk between heavy cigarette smoking (smokers with > or = 40 pack-years of smoking) and risk of adenoma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.44). They saw no increased colorectal cancer risk from heavy cigarette smoking (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.52-1.99) using a "manufactured" control group to simulate a typical unscreened, population-based control group. When the authors compared these colorectal cancer cases with an adenoma-free control group examined by colonoscopy in a polytomous model with several case groups (newly diagnosed adenomas, carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, and colorectal cancer), they found that the risk for 20-39 pack-years of smoking was elevated, although not statistically significant, and was similar for all four case groups. The risk for the highest smoking category (> or = 40 pack-years) was more strongly elevated in all four case groups, although it was statistically significant for only the newly diagnosed adenoma and the carcinoma in situ cases (adenomas, OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.42; carcinoma in situ, OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.01-4.15; intramucosal carcinoma, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.61-2.77; and colorectal cancer, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.64-2.65). While the authors' study is weakened by the lack of statistical significance concerning risk for colorectal cancer, these data offer some support for the hypothesis that the association between cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal cancer may have been masked by inclusion in the control group of subjects with adenomas. They also suggest that the major effect of smoking on the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence occurs in the earlier stages of the formation of adenoma and the development of carcinoma in situ.     

可调自适应三角网格的细分曲面造型方法

为了研究一种简单的有效的细分曲面方法使生成的曲面不仅光滑而且可调,提出了一种面向三角网格的可调自适应细分曲面造型法,该方法通过在传统的Loop细分模式中加入形状控制因子以使生成的曲面形状可调,同时引入二面角作为控制误差来判断相邻三角形夹角是否满足给定的阈值,以此实现自适应细分过程。模拟算例结果表明,该方法不仅能用较少网格获得性能良好的曲面,而且可以通过选取不同的值调整生成曲面形状,满足工程需要。     

反馈线性化在液压型风力发电机组功率追踪中的应用

以液压型风力发电机组为研究对象,为使功率追踪的过程平稳,研究机组的最佳功率追踪控制方法.本文利用反馈线性化方法解决系统非线性问题,以液压系统压力为控制输出,设计最佳功率追踪控制器,并提出一种反馈线性化方法的工程应用解决方案,即结合传统PID控制解决反馈线性化工程应用中依赖模型参数精度的问题.依托30 k VA液压型风力发电机组半物理仿真实验台进行仿真和实验研究,验证了该方法的可行性,为机组进一步研究奠定理论与实验基础.     

基于视觉的实时手势识别及其在演示控制中的应用

研究基于计算机视觉的实时动态手势识别技术,并利用OpenCV计算机视觉库在VS2010平台上设计一个基于该技术在多媒体教学中PPT演示控制方面的应用。首先,利用背景差分法进行手势检测,在背景更新的基础上,通过背景差分图和颜色直方图的反投影图来检测运动手势区域,可以达到较为满意的实时运动手势检测效果;其次,采用基于颜色直方图的粒子跟踪算法进行手势跟踪,基本能满足跟踪的实时性;最后,在手势识别阶段,采用基于Hu不变矩的轮廓匹配算法,得到较好的手势识别效果;使用六种手势,来实现演示文稿中的控制应用。     

P2P系统中基于DHT的文件存储与复制策略的设计*

基于一个具有良好扩展性与通用性的DHT文件存储和共享系统,结合传统的数据复制技术,在充分考虑P2P网络的异构性前提下,设计了一种自组织的文档存储策略和一种结合节点综合性能的自适应的最多请求者与最近最少访问相结合的复制策略。这两种策略结合使用,能够保证文档存储的可靠性、共享信息的高效可用性,并可自动调整网络的负载平衡状况,保证网络的可扩展性与稳定性。     

Isolation, purification and ultrastructure of bacteriophages from natural mosquito breeding places in Egypt

Two bacteriophages were isolated from field collected samples representing two different mosquito breeding places. The phage AB-1 (isolated from Abheit village, Faiyoum Governorate "seepage water") and the phage GA-2 (isolated from El-Gabal El-Asfer Qualyobia Governorate "sewage drain water") were purified. Both bacteriophages were ultrastructurally described with respect to their morphology, dimensions, phases of bacterial attack and lysogeny. No major differences were observed between both isolated phages in relation to specificity, however; they were isolated from two different types of breeding places and two different geographic areas as well. This study may assume a wide host range of the isolated phages and reflect how bacterial insecticides used for mosquito larval control could be inhibited by such bacteriophage.     

Reduction of disulfide bonds in an amyloidogenic Bence Jones protein leads to formation of "amyloid-like" fibrils in vitro

Motivated by the finding that the amino acid sequence of the Bence Jones protein BJP-DIA was identical to that of the main protein component of the amyloid fibrils obtained from the same patient with AL-amyloidosis, (Klafki, H.-W., Kratzin, H.-D., Pick, A.-I., Eckart, K., Karas, M. & Hilschmann, N. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3265-3272.), we attempted to create "amyloid-like" fibrils from the Bence Jones protein in vitro, without addition of proteolytic enzymes. Reduction of BJP-DIA, solubilized in PBS, pH 7.4, overnight at 37 degrees C resulted in the formation of a precipitate which had affinity for the dye Congo red. Electron microscopy of negatively stained samples of the reduced protein revealed aggregates of linear unbranched fibrils. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the precipitate consisted almost exclusively of intact light chain molecules. This result makes it possible to deduce a molecular model of these amyloid fibrils generated in vitro.     

Arc Hydro模型提取流域水文信息及精度分析——以松花江流域为例

流域水文模型已成为流域水文信息提取的重要手段。运用Arc Hydro模型以松花江流域为研究对象,以分辨率为90 m的SRTM DEM为数据源,以松花江流域1∶25万水系矢量数据为参照,分别在400,500和600 km2三个不同集水面积阈值下进行河网提取。运用图像比对软件Alike Duplicate Image Finder对所提取河网进行精度分析。结果显示:集水面积阈值为500 km2下提取的河网最为精确。在500 km2集水面积阈值基础上,运用Arc Hydro模型将松花江流域划分为642个子流域。基于Arc Hydro模型提取的松花江流域河网与实际河网基本一致,说明利用该模型进行流域水文信息提取是合理可行的。     

偶氮染料掺杂聚吡咯纳米/微米结构材料的制备

采用软模板自组装的方法,使用偶氮染料甲基橙为掺杂剂,以及不同的氧化剂三氯化铁、过硫酸铵(APS)制备出具有纳米/微米结构的聚吡咯材料;同时,采用了其他不同的偶氮染料金橙Ⅳ、橙黄G和偶氮荧光桃红成功合成出其他纳米/微米结构材料聚吡咯.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、四探针电阻率测试仪对材料进行表征.结果表明甲基橙分子高度掺杂在聚吡咯分子链中,改变了聚吡咯分子的共轭结构,使其产生了缺陷,从而能够增加聚吡咯的导电性能;用甲基橙为掺杂剂合成的聚吡咯都成一维管状,说明甲基橙掺杂剂在反应中起到了纤维状胶束模板的作用;其他偶氮染料金橙Ⅳ、橙黄G和偶氮荧光桃红为掺杂剂时没有形成聚吡咯纳米管状结构;金橙Ⅳ体系合成的聚吡咯电导率最高.