Selected 1,3-Benzodioxine-Containing Chalcones as Multipotent Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Chalcones are considered effective templates for the development of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors. The present work describes the syntheses of selected 1,3-benzodioxine-containing chalcones ( CD3, CD8 and CD10 ), and their inhibitory activities against MAO-A, MAO-B, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Compound CD8 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC₅₀ value of 0.026 μM, followed by CD10 and CD3 (1.54 and 1.68 μM, respectively). CD8 potently and non-selectively inhibited MAO-A (IC₅₀ value of 0.023 μM). On the other hand, CD10 and CD8 inhibited AChE with IC₅₀ values of 5.40 and 9.57 μM, respectively. Kinetics and reversibility experiments showed that all synthesized molecules were competitive and reversible inhibitors, and the K_i values of CD8 for MAO-A and MAO-B were 0.018 and 0.0019 μM, respectively. By in vitro and in silico analyses, all compounds were found to have high passive human gastrointestinal absorptions, blood-brain barrier permeabilities, and non-toxicities. Molecular docking simulations revealed that docking affinity of each compound for MAO-B was higher than that for MAO-A. The results indicate that CD8 is a potent non-selective MAO inhibitor, and CD10 is an effective selective MAO-B inhibitor, and both possess AChE inhibitory activity. Therefore, we suggest that CD8 and CD10 be considered potential dual-targeting inhibitors of MAO and AChE for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.     

Blockchain Assisted Disease Identification of COVID-19 Patients with the Help of IDA-DNN Classifier

Wireless Personal Communications - Globally, millions of people were affected by the Corona-virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causing loads of deaths. Most COVID-19 affected people recover in a few...     

Effect of UV irradiation on the physicochemical properties of collagen stabilized using aldehydes

Collagen is an important biomaterial, finding immense application in the field of wound healing. In this study, effect of UV irradiation on aldehydes crosslinked collagen has been carried out. Aldehydes find predominant application in crosslinking of collagen for various end uses. The physical and optical properties of aldehydes crosslinked collagen affected by UV irradiation have been detailed. Viscosity measurements have shown that aldehydes crosslinked collagen has better stability against UV radiation than native collagen. Circular dichroic studies showed that prolonged exposure to UV radiation changes the triple helical structure of collagen into random coil conformation. The difference spectra for both emission and absorption show that formaldehyde brings about more stability to collagen against UV irradiation than gluteraldehyde. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3642–3648, 2007     

Synthesis and characterizations of nanosized iron(II) hydroxide and iron(II) hydroxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite

Nanosized Fe(OH)₂ was synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Peaks between 500 and 1250 cm^?1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metal hydroxide stretching. X‐ray diffraction showed the suppressed crystalline system of Fe(OH)₂/aniline (ANI) due to the presence of a higher weight percentage of the dispersing agent, ANI. Thermogravimetric analysis implied that 75.5 wt % of residue remained up to 800°C. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis of Fe(OH)₂/ANI revealed that its size ranged from 10 to 50 nm with a rodlike morphology. Scanning electron microscopy implied that pristine Fe(OH)₂ had a nanotriangular platelet morphology, and a higher weight percentage of dispersing agent intercalated with Fe(OH)₂ had a spheroid with an agglomerated structure. The (UV–visible) spectrum implied the presence of Fe²⁺ ions at 326 nm and the existence of an amino group intercalated with Fe(OH)₂ showed a sharp peak at 195 nm, the intensity of which increased with increasing intercalated dispersing agent weight percentage. Photoluminescence showed that ANI‐intercalated Fe(OH)₂ showed a lesser intensity than the pristine Fe(OH)₂. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Breast cancer detection by using associative classifier with rule refinement method based on relevance feedback

Neural Computing and Applications - Computer-aided diagnosis system that uses classification process for an automated detection of breast cancer could provide a second opinion that improves...     

Influence of functionalized nanoparticles on conformational stability of type I collagen for possible biomedical applications

Collagen–nanoparticle interactions are vital for many biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using starch template according to our earlier reported procedures were functionalized by treating them with Gum Arabic (GA), a biocompatible polysaccharide, so as to enhance the interaction between nanoparticle surfaces and collagen. Viscosity, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques have been used to study the collagen–nanoparticle interactions. The relative viscosity for collagen–nanoparticle conjugate was found to increase with increase in concentration of the nanoparticle within the concentration range investigated, which is due to the aggregation of protein onto the surface of nanoparticle. The CD spectra for the collagen–nanoparticle at different concentration ratios do not have much variation in the Rpn values (ratio of positive peak intensity over negative peak intensity) after functionalization with GA. The variation of molar ellipticity values for collagen–nanoparticle is due to the glycoprotein present in GA. The collagen triple helical structure is maintained after interaction with nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra of native collagen, Coll–Fs (nanoparticle without functionalization) and Coll–FsG (nanoparticle functionalized with GA) show clearly the amide I, II, III bands, with respect to collagen. The ability of polysaccharide stabilized/functionalized nanoparticles to maintain the collagen properties would help in its biomedical applications.     

Adsorption, desorption, and kinetic study on Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution using Bacillus subtilis biomass

Discharge of untreated industrial effluents containing heavy metals is hazardous to the environment as they are highly toxic and accumulates throughout the food chain. This study reports the removal of trivalent chromium from aqueous solution using Bacillus subtilis biomass, best suited for the treatment of real tannery effluents since Cr(III) salt is used for tanning. The optimum pH and temperature for biosorption was found to be 4.0 and 60°C, respectively. A biosorbent dosage of 1 g l^?1 showed maximum metal uptake (q _e ) of 23.9 mg g^?1 for an initial metal concentration of 100 ppm. Pseudo-second-order kinetics best describes the adsorption process. Best fit for adsorption was obtained with Freundlich model. Desorption experiments with 5 M NaOH, inferred the reusability of the biomass. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism of metal binding.     

Stabilized protein waste as a source for removal of color from wastewaters

Seeking solution to pollution problems is a prime concern of many researchers today. The waste from one industry can be judiciously used to treat another waste. This concept has been used in this study, wherein, the fleshing, a solid waste (biopolymer) emanating from leather industry has been used as an adsorbent for removal of dyes from wastewater. Fleshing has been crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to stabilize it against degradation. The various parameters like effect of pH, role of salt concentration, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of dye have been standardized. About 90% dye removal has been achieved by treating 100 mg/L dye solution with 12 g/L of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked fleshing. The dye removal has been found to follow Langmuir type of adsorption isotherm. The optimized parameters of batch adsorption studies have been applied to treat sectional wastewater from a commercial tannery. The study also explores the possibility of reusing the dye loaded fleshing as a reductant in the manufacture of a tanning salt, which is used in leather industry for tanning of leathers. Thus, a holistic solution to both solid and liquid waste has been presented in this work. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Determining the freshness of fruits in the food industry by image classification using transfer learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) play a significant role in a number of computer vision applications like image classification and object detection. Past...