高折射率镜头推动浸没式光刻跨越32纳米

在今年的SPIE Microlithography年会上,与会的专家们一如既往地针对如何延伸光学光刻技术使用寿命的问题进行了大量的研讨。而与往年会议不同的是,尽管有人心存疑虑,但今年的会议仍然对双重曝光技术打开了友善之门。关于这项技术,普遍的问题是如何妥善地解决图形套     

TiB2-coated cathodes for aluminum smelting cells

Pipes consisting of coatings 700 μm thick of chemically vapor-deposited TiB₂ on carbon were produced and tested for corrosion and/or erosion resistance in a laboratory aluminum smelting cell for 100 h. The projected lifetime of the coating was approximately 30 days, a factor of 50 shorter than that projected by assuming uniform saturation dissolution of TiB₂ in molten aluminum. The corrosion and/or erosion as measured from scanning electron micrographs pointed to grain boundary attack with subsequent crystalline pull-out as the mechanism for the shorter than expected lifetimes.     

Haloperidol does not affect motivational processes in an operant runway model of food-seeking behavior.

The present experiment examined the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism on subjects' motivation to seek food. Rats were trained to discriminate between 2 olfactory cues predicting either the presence (S+) or absence (S–) of food reinforcement in the goal box of a straight-arm runway. Rats learned to traverse the alley quickly when presented with the S+ and much more slowly when presented with the S–. Haloperidol pretreatment was unable to alter this pattern of behavior (i.e., rats still ran quickly when presented with the scent that predicted food availability). Thus, it seems that the same dopamine antagonist treatments that have been shown to disrupt food reinforcement do not prevent the food-seeking behavior produced by presentation of food-predictive cues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

First- and second-order information in natural images: a filter-based approach to image statistics

Previous analyses of natural image statistics have dealt mainly with their Fourier power spectra. Here we explore image statistics by examining responses to biologically motivated filters that are spatially localized and respond to first-order (luminance-defined) and second-order (contrast- or texture-defined) characteristics. We compare the distribution of natural image responses across filter parameters for first- and second-order information. We find that second-order information in natural scenes shows the same self-similarity previously described for first-order information but has substantially less orientational anisotropy. The magnitudes of the two kinds of information, as well as their mutual unsigned correlation, are much stronger for particular combinations of filter parameters in natural images but not in unstructured fractal images having the same power spectra.     

Multiplexed toxin analysis using four colors of quantum dot fluororeagents

Quantum dots (QDs) have the potential to simplify the performance of multiplexed analysis. In this work, we prepared bioinorganic conjugates made with highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs) and antibodies to perform multiplexed fluoroimmunoassays. Sandwich immunoassays for the detection of cholera toxin, ricin, shiga-like toxin 1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B were performed simultaneously in single wells of a microtiter plate. Initially the assay performance for the detection of each toxin was examined. We then demonstrated the simultaneous detection of the four toxins from a single sample probed with a mixture of all four QD-antibody reagents. Using a simple linear equation-based algorithm, it was possible to deconvolute the signal from mixed toxin samples, which allowed quantitation of all four toxins simultaneously.     

Topographic profiling and refractive-index analysis by use of differential interference contrast with bright-field intensity and atomic force imaging

A methodology is described for phase restoration of an object function from differential interference contrast (DIC) images. The methodology involves collecting a set of DIC images in the same plane with different bias retardation between the two illuminating light components produced by a Wollaston prism. These images, together with one conventional bright-field image, allows for reduction of the phase deconvolution restoration problem from a highly complex nonlinear mathematical formulation to a set of linear equations that can be applied to resolve the phase for images with a relatively large number of pixels. Additionally, under certain conditions, an on-line atomic force imaging system that does not interfere with the standard DIC illumination modes resolves uncertainties in large topographical variations that generally lead to a basic problem in DIC imaging, i.e., phase unwrapping. Furthermore, the availability of confocal detection allows for a three-dimensional reconstruction with high accuracy of the refractive-index measurement of the object that is to be imaged. This has been applied to reconstruction of the refractive index of an arrayed waveguide in a region in which a defect in the sample is present. The results of this paper highlight the synergism of far-field microscopies integrated with scanned probe microscopies and restoration algorithms for phase reconstruction.