Print-Batch(Cold)—A New Process for Wool

A cold printing process has been developed from the IWS pad-batch(cold) method for the dyeing of wool cloth. The chemical aspects of the technique are discussed with particular reference to the role of sodium bisulphite in promoting dye fixation and increasing the colour yield. The system used for the selection of reactive dyes for application to wool in the cold is described. Typical printing procedures are outlined.     

Responses of braconid parasitoidsMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) andM. demolitor Wilkinson to stereoisomers of kairomone 13-methylhentriacontane

The responses ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) andMicroplitis demolitor Wilkinson to theR andS stereoisomers of the kairomone 13-meth-ylhentriacontane were evaluated. Singly and in combination at 5, 50-, and 500-ng dosage levels each were tested. There was a linear dosage response by both species to the three dosages. Furthermore, there was no difference between responses to the two stereoisomers or their combination by either species at any dosage level. The effects of the two stereoisomers were fully interchangeable and additive. This is the first report of parasitoid responses to stereoisomers of a kairomone.     

REVERSED RESIDUALS IN AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Abstract. Both linear and non-linear time series can have directional features which can be used to enhance the modelling and investigation of linear or non-linear autoregressive statistical models. For this purpose, reversed p th-order residuals are introduced. Cross-correlations of residuals and squared reversed residuals allow extensions of current model identification ideas. Quadratic types of partial autocorrelation functions are introduced to assess dependence associated with non-linear models which nevertheless have linear autoregressive correlation structures. The use of these residuals and their cross-correlation functions is exemplified empirically on some deseasonalized river flow data for which a first-order autoregressive model is a satisfactory second-order fit. Parallel theoretical computations are undertaken for the non-linear first-order random coefficient autoregressive model and comparisons are made. While the data are shown to be strongly non-linear, their correlational signatures are found to be convincingly different from those of a first-order autoregressive model with random coefficients.     

Lipid metabolism of acetate-1-14C by leukocytes from dogs fed an arteriosclerosis-inducing diet

Dogs were maintainedoon a control ration or on a semisynthetic diet, containing 5% cholesterol and 16% hydrogenated coconut oil, known to induce hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. Circulating leukocytes isolated from dogs fed the coconut oil containing diet were shown to incorporate 50% more radioactivity into lipids than control leukocytes when incubated with acetate-1-¹⁴C. This increase, expressed as dpm/mg of leukocyte DNA, was not specific for any particular lipid since the distribution of radioactivity between neutral lipids and phospholipids, as well as among their subfractions, was the same regardless of the diet fed. The labeling patterns observed suggest that leukocyte fatty acid synthesis from acetate occurs predominantly, and perhaps exclusively, by the chain elongation pathway.     

Reviewing VTAM and NetView Security Controls

Abstract

The basic premise of developing any information system is to increase efficiency and manage information in an improved manner. Based on the definitions above, an information system is “a group of devices or artificial objects serving a common purpose to communicate knowledge or intelligence.” Most information systems evolve from processes that either manipulate much information or rely on complex calculations. In other words, information systems are developed either to manage information or to manipulate it. Systems are meant to receive input, manipulate the input, and provide output.     

A high temperature apparatus for measurement of the Seebeck coefficient

A high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurement apparatus with various features to minimize typical sources of error is designed and built. Common sources of temperature and voltage measurement error are described and principles to overcome these are proposed. With these guiding principles, a high temperature Seebeck measurement apparatus with a uniaxial 4-point contact geometry is designed to operate from room temperature to over 1200 K. This instrument design is simple to operate, and suitable for bulk samples with a broad range of physical types and shapes.     

DB2 Universal Database: A Case Study of a Successful User-Centered Design Program

This case study describes the application of user-centered design (UCD) principles to the development of a complex middleware software product-IBM's DB2(r) Universal Database. Motivated by trade press reviews highlighting ease-of-use problems, a multisite development team utilized IBM UCD to transform ease of use into a featured product attribute. This case study describes the initial application of UCD to DB21 and the positive business results that followed: critical acclaim, increased marketshare and user satisfaction, and increased support and adoption of UCD across the IBM database product family. Although ease-of-use objectives, target markets, and human factors practitioners' roles have evolved over 6 years and multiple versions of the product, DB2 continues to achieve positive results with UCD. In addition to the flexibility of the UCD methodology, other factors that influenced DB2's success included management support, resource commitment, cross-site communication and collaboration, detailed product specifications, and a focus on supporting user tasks.     

A taxonomy for and analysis of multi-person-display ecosystems

Interactive displays are increasingly being distributed in a broad spectrum of everyday life environments: they have very diverse form factors and portability characteristics, support a variety of interaction techniques, and can be used by a variable number of people. The coupling of multiple displays creates an interactive “ecosystem of displays”. Such an ecosystem is suitable for particular social contexts, which in turn generates novel settings for communication and performance and challenges in ownership. This paper aims at providing a design space that can inform the designers of such ecosystems. To this end, we provide a taxonomy that builds on the size of the ecosystem and on the degree of individual engagement as dimensions. We recognize areas where physical constraints imply certain kinds of social engagement, versus other areas where further work on interaction techniques for coupling displays can open new design spaces.     

Unreacted cement content in macro-defect-free composites: impact on processing-structure-property relations

The effect of unreacted cement content on the processing, structure, and properties of macro-defect-free (MDF) composites fabricated from calcium aluminate cement (CAC), -alumina (Al₂O₃), and polyvinyl alcohol-acetate (PVAA) has been investigated. Three systems were formed with initial CAC: Al₂O₃ ratios of 5050, 3565, and 2575 by volume in their respective formulations. The amount of unreacted cement was reduced from 68.1 vol% which is present in standard (100% CAC) MDF cement, to 14.9 vol % for composites with an initial CAC: Al₂O₃ ratio of 2575, while the hydration product content was reduced from 18.1 vol % to 11.4 vol % for these respective systems. A hard core/soft shell continuum percolation model was used to determine that alumina substitution did not significantly affect the percolative nature of the interphase and bulk polymer regions. However, experiments showed that the reduction in unreacted cement content through Al₂O₃ substitution affected both the processing and microstructural features of these composites. The moisture absorption kinetics and flexural strength of composites exposed to 100% relative humidity were also evaluated, and it was found that their moisture sensitivity improved with decreasing unreacted cement content. A hypothesis is presented to explain the role of unreacted cement on the moisture sensitivity of these materials.     

Emission polarization of roughened glass and aluminum surfaces

Ellipsometer measurements of the effective complex refractive index at a wavelength of 10.6 μm are made on a series of glass and aluminum surfaces of increasing surface roughness. The measured values are then used to calculate the degree of emission polarization and are shown to be in agreement with the experimentally determined values when depolarization is small. Comparisons are also made with calculations based on the Kirchhoff scattering theory. Both the theory and the experimental results indicate that it is the local surface slope and not the roughness magnitude that is the prime factor in determining the degree of emission polarization from the samples studied.