Combined quasi-static backward modeling and look-ahead fuzzy control of vehicles

Vehicle modeling can play an important role in vehicle power train design, control and energy management investigation. This paper presents a method for vehicle power train modeling. The key feature of the method is its presentation of the dynamic of vehicle based on the road information. This ability makes the method suitable for look-ahead energy management and fuel economy optimal control problems. With the aid of a road slope database, road geometry ahead of the vehicle is extracted. A fuzzy controller is developed that receives this information and controls the velocity of the vehicle with respect to its fuel consumption. In order to maintain the operation of the combustion engine near its efficient region, the fuzzy controller commands a continuously variable transmission. Simulations are carried out using real road data. The results are presented and discussed.     

Estimating the stresses in cantilever beam loaded by a parabolically distributed load with Airy stress functions

This study presents three mathematical methods namely the polynomial stress function approach, the Fourier series form approach and the approximated equations form approach for finding the stress distribution in a cantilever beam with rectangular cross section loaded by a parabolically distributed load. By taking the stress function as a polynomial of the seventh degree, it is attempted to find the coefficients either in complete or in full shape of the polynomial. In the Fourier series approach, the load is discreted to unlimited series of harmonic loads and superposing resultant stresses is the affect of parabolically distributed load on the beam. The resultant stresses are compared with some approximated stress formulas which have been provided before. Finite element analysis are done for square, short, medium and long cantilever beams and the mathematical results of stress distribution in five different height of the beam was compared with FEM results. It was found good results for τ _yy and τ _xy in all cross section of the beams and acceptable results for τ _xx only in y = 0. It is found that discreting loads to even a limit number of harmonic loads and superposing the resultant stresses can give the distribution of τ _yy and τ _xy with the acceptable precision in medium and long cantilever beams with rectangular cross section.     

Evaluation of Al and Some of Its Alloys as Anode Materials vs γ-MnO2 as Cathode Material and Ore Produced γ-MnO2 vs Zn Anode in KOH Solution

In this study electrochemical performance of Al and some of its alloys (Al-Zn, Al-Mg and Al-Mn) anodes vs MnO2 cathode were carried out in alkaline solution. The results show that the Al-Zn alloy anode has the best cell capacity among the other alloys. Cell capacity values go in the order Al-Zn＞Al-Mg＞Al＞Al-Mn. This result is probably related to the nature of passive films formed on the surface of the alloys which examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM morphologies of Al and its alloys showed coarse grains of passive films formed on the surface of these anode materials while Al-Mn morphology shows a needle-like structure.Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) produced by electrodepositing on platinum anode from liquor resulting from reduction of low grade pyrolusite ore (β-MnO2) by sulfur slag was characterized as cathode in alkaline Zn-MnO2 batteries. Ore produced sample (EMD1) was performed well in comparison with EMD standard (EMD2) (commercial battery grade electrolytic manganese dioxide, TOSOH-Hellas GH-S). SEM morphology of Zn anode after cell reaction was carried out and showed that Zn anode has fine grains of passive film on its surface.     

实时多处理器系统中基于能量节约的动态调度算法

当前处理器由于较高的能量消耗。导致处理器热量散发的提高及系统可靠性的降低，已经成为目前计算机领域较为关心的问题．然而目前一些有效降低能量消耗的技术大多针对单处理器系统，较少考虑多处理器系统．本文提出的调度算法针对多处理器系统，以最短任务优先调度为基础，结合其它有效技术，如共享空闲时间回收等，使得实时任务在其截止期内完成的同时能够有效地减低整个系统的能量消耗．针对独立任务集及具有依赖关系的任务集，本文提出两种算法：STFBA1及STFBA2（Shortest Task First—Based Algorithm）．与目前所知的有效算法相比，我们的算法具有更好的性能（调度长度及能量消耗）．     

Material flow analysis and integration of watersheds and drain systems: II. Integration and solution strategies with application to ammonium management in Bahr El-Baqar drain system

The objective of this paper is to develop a systematic methodology for mass integration in drain systems and watersheds. Mass integration is a holistic approach to the tracking, transformation, and allocation of species and streams. The watershed and drain system is first discretized into reaches. The MFA model developed in part I of this work (Simulation and Application to Ammonium Management in Bahr El-Baqar Drain System) is used to describe the environmental phenomena that affect the fate and transport of targeted species and the operators that characterize the system inputs and outputs as they relate to the surroundings. Next, we develop an integration framework which encompasses sources, sinks, and interception technologies to aid in the development for nitrogen-management strategies. The simulation model was transformed into a synthesis model by introducing optimization variables and including models for the potential management strategies. The problem of minimizing negative environmental impact subject to technical, social, economic, and regulatory constraints was posed as a nonlinear optimization program whose solution identified and synthesized the most effective solution strategies. These mathematical models and management strategies were coded into a computer-aided tool using LINGO programming platform. The program can be readily modified to address a variety of cases. Tradeoffs and sensitivity analysis were established using the devised model. The devised framework was applied to an Egyptian drain system (Bahr El-Baqar) along with the outfall to Lake Manzala. The results of the case study provide solution strategies for nitrogen management along with their technical, economic, and environmental implications.     

Reliability analysis of nuclear containment without metallic liners against jet aircraft crash

The present study presents a methodology for detailed reliability analysis of nuclear containment without metallic liners against aircraft crash. For this purpose, a nonlinear limit state function has been derived using violation of tolerable crack width as failure criterion. This criterion has been considered as failure criterion because radioactive radiations may come out if size of crack becomes more than the tolerable crack width. The derived limit state uses the response of containment that has been obtained from a detailed dynamic analysis of nuclear containment under an impact of a large size Boeing jet aircraft. Using this response in conjunction with limit state function, the reliabilities and probabilities of failures are obtained at a number of vulnerable locations employing an efficient first-order reliability method (FORM). These values of reliability and probability of failure at various vulnerable locations are then used for the estimation of conditional and annual reliabilities of nuclear containment as a function of its location from the airport. To study the influence of the various random variables on containment reliability the sensitivity analysis has been performed. Some parametric studies have also been included to obtain the results of field and academic interest.     

基于任务同步及节能的实时调度算法

实时任务在实际应用中通常需要以独占方式访问共享资源, 但是由于资源的独占性导致高优先权任务运行时往往被低优先权任务阻塞, 从而产生优先权反转, 难以满足任务的实时性;同时当前处理器由于较高的能量消耗,导致处理器热量散发提高及系统可靠性降低, 已经成为目前计算机领域较为关心的问题.提出一种基于任务同步及节能的实时调度算法CSSFA,有效地解决了上述难题.CSSFA在满足任务实时可调度性及任务同步的条件下,固定临界区的运行速度,使更多的空闲时间用于非临界区部分,有效地降低了整体系统的能耗;同时也能避免高优先权任务被阻塞、临界区继承高优先权任务的速度时所造成的处理器电压开关的频繁切换, 因而能有效地降低实时任务调度的成本.试验测试表明,CSSFA在调度性能上明显优于目前所知的有效算法.     

Selective Recovery of Cadmium,Cobalt, and Nickel from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Adogen® 464 and Mesoporous Silica Derivatives

Spent Ni–Cd batteries are now considered an important source for many valuable metals. The recovery of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from spent Ni–Cd Batteries has been performed in this study. The optimum leaching process was achieved using 20% H₂SO₄, solid/liquid (S/L) 1/5 at 80 °C for 6 h. The leaching efficiency of Fe, Cd, and Co was nearly 100%, whereas the leaching efficiency of Ni was 95%. The recovery of the concerned elements was attained using successive different separation techniques. Cd(II) ions were extracted by a solvent, namely, Adogen^® 464, and precipitated as CdS with 0.5% Na₂S solution at pH of 1.25 and room temperature. The extraction process corresponded to pseudo-2nd-order. The prepared PTU-MS silica was applied for adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution, while the desorption process was performed using 0.3 M H₂SO₄. Cobalt was precipitated at pH 9.0 as Co(OH)₂ using NH₄OH. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. Nickel was directly precipitated at pH 8.25 using a 10% NaOH solution at ambient temperature. FTIR, SEM, and EDX confirm the structure of the products.     

ENet-6mA: Identification of 6mA Modification Sites in Plant Genomes Using ElasticNet and Neural Networks

N6-methyladenine (6mA) has been recognized as a key epigenetic alteration that affects a variety of biological activities. Precise prediction of 6mA modification sites is essential for understanding the logical consistency of biological activity. There are various experimental methods for identifying 6mA modification sites, but in silico prediction has emerged as a potential option due to the very high cost and labor-intensive nature of experimental procedures. Taking this into consideration, developing an efficient and accurate model for identifying N6-methyladenine is one of the top objectives in the field of bioinformatics. Therefore, we have created an in silico model for the classification of 6mA modifications in plant genomes. ENet-6mA uses three encoding methods, including one-hot, nucleotide chemical properties (NCP), and electron–ion interaction potential (EIIP), which are concatenated and fed as input to ElasticNet for feature reduction, and then the optimized features are given directly to the neural network to get classified. We used a benchmark dataset of rice for five-fold cross-validation testing and three other datasets from plant genomes for cross-species testing purposes. The results show that the model can predict the N6-methyladenine sites very well, even cross-species. Additionally, we separated the datasets into different ratios and calculated the performance using the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC), achieving 0.81, 0.79, and 0.50 with 1:10 (positive:negative) samples for F. vesca, R. chinensis, and A. thaliana, respectively.