BACKGROUND/AIMS: We created a study group in order to investigate the effects of splenectomy and filgrastim. Filgrastim is an immunomodulator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), that affects bacterial translocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created 3 study groups with 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats; the first group included sham splenectomy, the second group was splenectomy, and the third group was splenectomy+ filgrastim group. RESULTS: The mean bacterial colony count of the cecum were 2.5 x 10(9) in group 1, 1.2 x 10(10) in group 2 and 3.5 x 10(9) in group 3. The differences between these groups were accepted as statistically significant. The mean counts of the terminal ileum were 1.1 x 10(9) in group 1, 5.5 x 10(10) in group 2 and 2.5 x 10(10) in group 3. The p values of group 1-2 were 0.036 (statistically significant) and 0.123 in groups 2-3) were not statistically significant. The mean counts of the liver were 0.2 x 10(4), 1 x 10(10) and 3.4 x 10(5), respectively. In comparison of the groups the p values of the first and last 2 groups were found to be 0.047 (statistically significant). The mean counts of the mesenteric lymph node were 0.7 x 10(3), 1 x 10(10) and 0.9 x 10(6) respectively. The p values were 0.343 for the first and the last 2 groups both. As they were above 0.05, they were not statistically significant. The degrees of liver Kupffer cell hyperplasia were (+) 40%, (+2) 50% and (+3) 10% (group 1), (+) 10%, (+2) 40% and (+3) 50% (group 2), (+2) 60% and (+3) 40% (group 3) (p = 0.0039). The rates of the absence of pathology in mesenteric lymph nodes were 70% (group 1), 90% (group 2) and 100% (group 3) (p = 0.049). These findings were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We found that splenectomy has activated the whole predisposing factors of bacterial translocation and created the latter itself. In addition, we showed that filgrastim, a recently widespread used G-CSF, decreases bacterial translocation significantly. 相似文献
Fourteen commonly available types of cane and palm sugar were analysed for antioxidant activity using cyclic voltammetry. Five of the sugars, dissolved in phosphate buffer, showed anodic current peaks which were indicative of antioxidant activity. The rank order of these sugars was: gula anau > gula merah > China rock honey sugar > soft brown sugar > raw sugar. Gula anau is an unrefined palm sugar, while the other four are from sugarcane. Soft brown sugar and raw sugar are coated brown sugars. The China rock honey sugar contained chrysanthemum flowers, and its antioxidant properties appear to be due to these flowers and not to the sugar per se. Pure white sugar, other rock sugars and rock honey sugars (all refined from cane) as well as gula Melaka, an unrefined rock sugar from palm trees, had no observable antioxidant activity. It is concluded that, from a nutritional point of view, using gula anau as a sweetener or ingredient in foods or drinks has an added benefit owing to its antioxidant content. 相似文献
The objectives of this experiment were to determine interrelationships among mastitis indicators and evaluate the subclinical mastitis detection ability of infrared thermography (IRT) in comparison with the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Somatic cell count (SCC), CMT, and udder skin surface temperature (USST) data were compiled from 62 Brown Swiss dairy cows (days in milk = 117 ± 51, milk yield = 14.7 ± 5.2 kg; mean ± SD). The CORR, REG, and NLIN procedures of Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) were employed to attain interrelationships among mastitis indicators. The diagnostic merit of IRT as an indirect measure of subclinical mastitis was compared with CMT using the receiver operating characteristics curves. The udder skin surface temperature was positively correlated with the CMT score (r = 0.86) and SCC (r = 0.73). There was an exponential increase in SCC (SCC, ×103 cells/mL = 22.35 × e1.31 × CMT score; R2 = 0.98) and a linear increase in USST (USST, °C = 33.45 + 1.08 × CMT score; R2 = 0.75) as the CMT score increased. As SCC increased, USST increased logarithmically [USST, °C = 28.72 + 0.49 × ln(SCC, ×103 cells/mL); R2 = 0.72]. The USST for healthy quarters (SCC ≤400,000 cells/mL; n = 94) was different from that for subclinical mastitic quarters (SCC >400,000 cells/mL; n = 135) (mean ± SE; 33.45 ± 0.09 vs. 35.80 ± 0.08°C). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.6, 93.6, 14.97, 0.05, 95.0, and 93.6, respectively, for IRT and 88.9, 98.9, 83.56, 0.11, 99.2, and 86.1, respectively, for CMT. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for IRT and CMT was not different. In conclusion, as a noninvasive and quick tool, IRT can be employed for screening subclinical mastitis via measuring USST, with a high predictive diagnostic ability similar to CMT when microbiological culturing is unavailable. However, the reliability of IRT among cows with different characteristics and those living under various environmental conditions remains to be determined. 相似文献
The aim of the study is to classify single trial electroencephalogram and to estimate active regions/locations on skull in unfamiliar/familiar face recognition task. For this purpose, electroencephalographic signals were acquired from ten subjects in different sessions. Sixty-one familiar and fifty-nine unfamiliar face stimuli were shown to the subjects in the experiments. Since channel responses are different for familiar and unfamiliar classes, the channels discriminating the classes were investigated. To do so, three distances and four similarity measures were employed to assess the most distant channel pairs between familiar and unfamiliar classes for a 1-s time duration; 0.6 s from the stimulus to 1.6 s in a channel selection process. It is experimentally observed that this time interval is maintaining the greatest distance between two categories. The electroencephalographic signals were classified using the determined channels and time interval to measure accuracy. The best classification accuracy was 81.30% and was obtained with the Pearson correlation as channel selection method. The most discriminative channel pairs were selected from prefrontal regions. 相似文献
Neural Computing and Applications - In this paper, a new method based on deep learning has been proposed in order to recognize noise-digital modulation signals at varying noise levels... 相似文献
Struvite crystals were precipitated by the reaction of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate using different concentrations of citric acid as the additive (100, 300, and 500 ppm). The structure, morphology, functional groups and particle size of the crystals were evaluated experimentally by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and particle size analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that citric acid exerted a significant influence on the struvite precipitation and the crystal morphology changed from rod-like to tubular shaped with a larger size and hollow bodies. The average particle size changed from 17.60 to 33.60 μm with increasing citric acid concentration. The results of FTIR suggested that the citric acid adsorbed on the crystal surface. Following the characterization of the crystals prepared using different concentrations of citric acid, the response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design were applied as a statistical tool to determine the effects of the key parameters affecting the precipitation process (temperature, pH and additive concentration) on the responses (namely, particle size and specific cake resistance of struvite). Second-order polynomial equations for both responses were improved to correlate the parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant quadratic regression model with high coefficients of the determination values. The optimum conditions for particle size were found to be 60 °C, pH 8 and 500 ppm additive concentration. 相似文献
In medical information system, there are a lot of features and the relationship among elements is solid. In this way, feature selection of medical datasets gets awesome worry as of late. In this article, tolerance rough set firefly-based quick reduct, is developed and connected to issue of differential finding of diseases. The hybrid intelligent framework intends to exploit the advantages of the fundamental models and, in the meantime, direct their restrictions. Feature selection is procedure for distinguishing ideal feature subset of the original features. A definitive point of feature selection is to build the precision, computational proficiency and adaptability of expectation strategy in machine learning, design acknowledgment and information mining applications. Along these lines, the learning framework gets a brief structure without lessening the prescient precision by utilizing just the chose remarkable features. In this research, a hybridization of two procedures, tolerance rough set and as of late created meta-heuristic enhancement calculation, the firefly algorithm is utilized to choose the conspicuous features of medicinal information to have the capacity to characterize and analyze real sicknesses. The exploratory results exhibited that the proficiency of the proposed system outflanks the current supervised feature selection techniques.
Lead magnesium niobate (PMN) is an important relaxor ferroelectric material commonly used in multilayer capacitor and actuator manufacturing owing to its high dielectric constant and superior electrostrictive properties. However, the isoelectric point of this material in water is not known and there is justification for a detailed investigation. In this work, the isoelectric point (IEP) of aqueous PMN suspensions were determined as a function of solids concentration. Results showed that IEP of the PMN suspensions strongly depended on the solids loading. The IEP was between pH 9 and 10 at particle concentrations between 10 to 20 vol%. The IEP shifted gradually to a lower pH value as the particle concentration decreased. Solubility experiments showed that Pb2+ and Mg2+ ions dissolved from the PMN surface, especially in the acidic pH range. The study provides a new insight on the aqueous stability of perovskite materials which possess more than one soluble cation in their structure . 相似文献