Expressing inter-link constraints in OWL knowledge bases

Abstract: In this paper the Web Ontology Language (OWL) is examined to instantiate expert system knowledge bases intended for semantic Web applications. In particular, OWL is analyzed for expressing Unified Modeling Language (UML) representations that have been augmented with propositional logic asserted as inter‐link constraints. The motivation is ultimately to provide declarative propositional logic constraints that can be represented in UML and declaratively implemented using OWL and other constructs to realize semantic Web knowledge base repositories and databases to facilitate expert system applications. The results of this paper show that OWL is sufficient for capturing most inter‐link constraints asserted on generalization/specialization instances; however, OWL alone is inadequate for representing some inter‐link constraints asserted on associations. We propose enhancements to OWL via RDF extensions for the reification of associations into classes. These extensions mitigate all concerns that were identified in OWL as part of this study. The result is increased support of declarative constraint representations, which can be expressed in knowledge bases in the context of the semantic Web.     

Cleaning the spurious links in data

Data quality problems can arise from abbreviations, data entry mistakes, duplicate records, missing fields, and many other sources. These problems proliferate when you integrate multiple data sources in data warehousing, federated databases, and global information systems. A newly discovered class of erroneous data is spurious links, where a real-world entity has multiple links that might not be properly associated with it. The existence of such spurious links often leads to confusion and misrepresentation in the data records representing the entity. Although the data set is well known for its high-quality bibliographic information, collecting and maintaining the data from diverse sources requires enormous effort. Errors, including spurious links, are inevitable. To solve this problem, we use context information to identify spurious links. First, we identify data records that contain potential spurious links. We then determine the set of attributes that constitute each record's context. Experiments with three real-world databases have demonstrated that our approach can accurately identify spurious links. Comparing context information between data records can help solve the data quality problem of spurious links-that is, multiple links between data entries and real-world entities.     

Microporous Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Composites as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: An Experimental and Computational Study

Bone‐tissue engineering mandates the development of multi‐functional bioactive porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds. Herein, microwave sintered HAp/ZnO and HAp/Ag composite scaffolds with ≈5–19% porosity are developed using 0–30 vol% graphite as a porogen. The mechanical properties of the porous scaffold are analyzed in detail, revealing that even being more porous, the reinforcement of ZnO (9% porosity, hardness of 2.8 GPa, and toughness of 3.5 MPa.m^1/2) has shown to have better hardness and fracture toughness when compared to Ag (5% porosity, hardness of 1.6 GPa, and toughness of 2.6 MPa.m^1/2). The flexural strength obtained experimentally are complemented with a finite‐element technique that adopts microstructural features in visualizing the effect of porosity on stress distribution. The antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of these composites are validated by increased metabolic activity and conspicuous cell‐matrix interactions. The anticipation of the results reveal that HAp/ZnO (9% porosity) and HAp/Ag (5% porosity) composites can be used as a potential multi‐functional bone implant scaffolds.

     

Effect of graphene concentration on performance of MEH:PPV/graphene nanocomposite based devices

Herein, we explore the effect of graphene concentration on performance of poly [2-methoxy-5-2-ethylhexoxy-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH:PPV)/graphene nanocomposite based devices. The surface morphology of the nanocomposites analyzed through emission scanning electron microscopy suggest that increase in graphene concentration results in the formation of aggregation. Optical and structural properties of the nanocomposites examined through UV–Vis absorption and Raman spectra revealed that the addition of graphene has no affect on the conjugation length and structure of the MEH:PPV. The electrical characteristics of devices have been investigated by I–V measurement under dark and illumination at room temperature. The devices show increase in the current value and reduction on turn-on voltage with increase in the graphene concentration up to 5 wt%. However, increase in graphene concentration above 5 wt% leads to the performance degradation of the devices. Moreover, charge transport mechanisms of the devices have been explained through Ohmic behavior at lower voltages and trap charge limited conduction at higher voltages.     

A Series of Hybrid Multifunctional Interfaces as Artificial SEI Layer for Realizing Dendrite Free,and Long-Life Sodium Metal Anodes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 42/2023)

Sodium metal (Na) anodes are considered the most promising anode for high-energy-density sodium batteries because of their high capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, Na metal anode undergoes uncontrolled Na dendrite growth, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer (SEI) formation during cycling, leading to poor coulombic efficiency, and shorter lifespan. Herein, a series of Na-ion conductive alloy-type protective interface (Na-In, Na-Bi, Na-Zn, Na-Sn) is studied as an artificial SEI layer to address the issues. The hybrid Na-ion conducting SEI components over the Na-alloy can facilitate uniform Na deposition by regulating Na-ion flux with low overpotential. Furthermore, density functional study reveals that the lower surface energy of protective alloys relative to bare Na is the key factor for facilitating facile ion diffusion across the interface. Na metal with interface layer facilitates a highly reversible Na plating/stripping for ≈790 h, higher than pristine Na metal (100 h). The hybrid self-regulating protective layers exhibit a high mechanical flexibility to promote dendrite free Na plating even at high current density (5 mA cm⁻²), high capacity (10 mAh cm⁻²), and good performance with Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode. The current study opens a new insight for designing dendrite Na metal anode for next generation energy storage devices.     

MODBUS-TR: Advanced MODBUS-RTU Protocol for IoT with Auto-discovery and Triggers

MODBUS protocol is one of the most widely used industrial machine to machine protocol. Among the several variants of MODBUS protocol, MODBUS-RTU is highly preferred protocol as it is easy to implement, very rugged and requires very less memory. The existing MODBUS-RTU has limitations like auto-discovery, emergency triggers from slave and dynamic re-configurability. These limitations will be become more profound when the system is migrated to Industry 4.0 standards. We propose a protocol MODBUS-TR which not only addresses the limitations but also ensures complete backward compatibility with MODBUS slaves.

     

Light-weight 3DCNN for DeepFakes,FaceSwap and Face2Face facial forgery detection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Detecting facial forgery in real time application such as video conferencing, netbanking, verification of identity etc. is a major concern. Highly accurate...     

State-based modeling and object extraction from echocardiogram video

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical state-based model for representing an echocardiogram video. It captures the semantics of video segments from dynamic characteristics of objects present in each segment. Our objective is to provide an effective method for segmenting an echo video into view, state, and substate levels. This is motivated by the need for building efficient indexing tools to support better content management. The modeling is done using four different views, namely, short axis, long axis, apical four chamber, and apical two chamber. For view classification, an artificial neural network is trained with the histogram of a region of interest of each video frame. Object states are detected with the help of synthetic M-mode images. In contrast to traditional single M-mode, we present a novel approach named sweep M-mode for state detection. We also introduce radial M-mode for substate identification from color flow Doppler 2-D imaging. The video model described here represents the semantics of video segments using first-order predicates. Suitable operators have been defined for querying the segments. We have carried out experiments on 20 echo videos and compared the results with manual annotation done by two experts. View classification accuracy is 97.19%. Misclassification error of the state detection stage is less than 13%, which is within acceptable range since only frames at the state boundaries are found to be misclassified.     

DEBITTERING OF KINNOW MANDARIN JUICE BY COVALENTLY BOUND NARINGINASE ON HEN EGG WHITE

A protocol is optimised for the immobilization of naringinase on glutaraldehyde coated hen egg white (1 gHEW beads, 10 Uof naringinase, 37°C, pH 4.0 and 48 h) through 1% glutaraldehyde cross linking. The efficiency of immobilization was 140%, while soluble naringinase afforded 91% efficacy for the hydrolysis of standard naringinunder optimal conditions (5U/gHEW, pH3.0, 60°Cand 5 h). Its applicability for debittering Kinnow mandarin juice afforded 68% debittering efficiency.     

Research fundamentals: IV. Choosing a research design

For a clinical practice guideline to be accepted by the end-user, the system of reimbursement for the targeted service must be favorable. The National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI) Guideline recommendations were developed without primary concern for the costs of their execution. Arguably, an unfavorable financial environment and excessive mercantile behavior by providers and payers would offer a considerable hindrance to their implementation. Toward addressing these concerns, three leaders in the development of the DOQI Guidelines for the Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure, Hemodialysis Adequacy, and Vascular Access, have evaluated the hypothesis that implementing the recommendations of the DOQI Guidelines will increase the treatment costs for dialysis providers but will effect savings in the entire end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program. Their analyses suggest that under the current reimbursement system, this assumption may be true. However, restructured global reimbursement in the ESRD program will permit financial incentives for dialysis providers and the payer to coincide.