Polarization of microwave noise source radiation in the 30 GHz to 300 GHz range

The radiation spectra of three microwave noise sources (C. P. Clare & Co., TN type series) have been compared to determine the frequency bandwidth and their polarization. A Lamellar Grating Fourier Transform spectrometer was used with a Helium cooled bolometer detector in the wavelength region of lmm to 10mm. The spectral regions were compared with the manufacturer's specifications and the results were in partial agreement. A secondary transmission region was observed to have an input current as well as a polarization dependence despite the directional output of the waveguide antenna.     

A review: accuracy optimization in clustering ensembles using genetic algorithms

The clustering ensemble has emerged as a prominent method for improving robustness, stability, and accuracy of unsupervised classification solutions. It combines multiple partitions generated by different clustering algorithms into a single clustering solution. Genetic algorithms are known as methods with high ability to solve optimization problems including clustering. To date, significant progress has been contributed to find consensus clustering that will yield better results than existing clustering. This paper presents a survey of genetic algorithms designed for clustering ensembles. It begins with the introduction of clustering ensembles and clustering ensemble algorithms. Subsequently, this paper describes a number of suggested genetic-guided clustering ensemble algorithms, in particular the genotypes, fitness functions, and genetic operations. Next, clustering accuracies among the genetic-guided clustering ensemble algorithms is compared. This paper concludes that using genetic algorithms in clustering ensemble improves the clustering accuracy and addresses open questions subject to future research.     

Technical Analysis of Security Management in Terms of Crowd Energy and Smart Living

In this paper, a technical and statistical analysis of security system and security management is provided for crowd energy and smart living. At the same time, a clear understanding is made for crowd energy concept and next generation smart living. Various case examples have been studied and a brief summary has been provided. Furthermore, a statistical analysis has been provided in terms of security management in smart living where it is found that young technocrats give the highest importance to security management in smart living. Last but not the least, current limitation, constraints, and future scope of security implementation have been discussed in terms of crowd energy clustered with next generation smart living.     

NONEQUILIBRIUM MODELING OF REACTIVE ABSORPTION PROCESSES

A nonequilibrium stage model of reactive absorption processes has been developed, considering the interactions between reaction and diffusion in the film region. Dynamic and steady-state film models have been incorporated into the process model for low and highly soluble gases respectively. The model was validated against experimental data. The data were obtained from a pilot-plant absorption column in which simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in aqueous partially carbonated ammonia solution occurred. A comparison between simulation results and the experimental data showed that the model could reasonably predict the process. The model predictions were also compared with those of a process model including enhancement factor. The results indicate that using a film model leads to a more accurate process model than applying enhancement factor.     

Lithiophilic Nanowire Guided Li Deposition in Li Metal Batteries

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) provide superior energy densities far beyond current Li-ion batteries (LIBs) but practical applications are hindered by uncontrolled dendrite formation and the build-up of dead Li in “hostless” Li metal anodes. To circumvent these issues, we created a 3D framework of a carbon paper (CP) substrate decorated with lithiophilic nanowires (silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and SiGe alloy NWs) that provides a robust host for efficient stripping/plating of Li metal. The lithiophilic Li₂₂Si₅, Li₂₂(Si_0.5Ge_0.5)_5, and Li₂₂Ge₅ formed during rapid Li melt infiltration prevented the formation of dead Li and dendrites. Li₂₂Ge₅/Li covered CP hosts delivered the best performance, with the lowest overpotentials of 40 mV (three times lower than pristine Li) when cycled at 1 mA cm⁻²/1 mAh cm⁻² for 1000 h and at 3 mA cm⁻²/3 mAh cm⁻² for 500 h. Ex situ analysis confirmed the ability of the lithiophilic Li₂₂Ge₅ decorated samples to facilitate uniform Li deposition. When paired with sulfur, LiFePO_4, and NMC811 cathodes, the CP-LiGe/Li anodes delivered 200 cycles with 82%, 93%, and 90% capacity retention, respectively. The discovery of the highly stable, lithiophilic NW decorated CP hosts is a promising route toward stable cycling LMBs and provides a new design motif for hosted Li metal anodes.     

Efficacy of green nanoparticles against cancerous and normal cell lines: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of papers discussing the efficacy of microbial synthesised metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) against cancerous and normal cell lines by exploiting Bayesian generalised linear (BGL) model. Data was systematically collected from published papers via Cochrane library, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase. Impressively, most of the studies were carried out on HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. Specifically, a hefty 65.67% of studies employed bacteria to biofabricate MNPs. Significantly, BGL meta‐analysis represented highly valuable information. Hence, based on adjusted analysis, the MNPs with the size of 25–50 nm were found to be far less cytotoxic than the MNPs with the size of ≤25 nm (OR = 0.233, P  ˂ 0.05) against either cancerous or normal cell lines. Interestingly, it was found that the odds of cytotoxicity in cancerous cell lines were practically nine times more than normal cell lines, representing the substantially more cytotoxicity of MNPs in cancerous cell lines (OR = 9.004, P  ˂ 0.001). Green MNPs mentioned here may be developed as novel anti‐cancer agents, which could lead to a revolution in the treatment of cancer.Inspec keywords: reviews, nanoparticles, cancer, nanomedicine, magnetic particles, nanomagnetics, nanofabrication, cellular biophysics, Bayes methods, microorganisms, toxicology, antibacterial activityOther keywords: green nanoparticles, cancerous cell lines, normal cell lines, review, meta‐analysis, microbial synthesised metallic nanoparticles, Bayesian generalised linear model, HeLa cancer cell lines, A549 cancer cell lines, gram‐negative bacteria, gram‐positive bacteria, cytotoxicity, anticancer agents, cancer disease treatment     

Natural History of a Mouse Model Overexpressing the Dp71 Dystrophin Isoform

Dystrophin is a 427 kDa protein that stabilizes muscle cell membranes through interactions with the cytoskeleton and various membrane-associated proteins. Loss of dystrophin as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes progressive skeletal muscle weakness and cardiac dysfunction. Multiple promoters along the dystrophin gene (DMD) give rise to a number of shorter isoforms. Of interest is Dp71, a 71 kDa isoform implicated in DMD pathology by various animal and patient studies. Strong evidence supporting such a role for Dp71, however, is lacking. Here, we use del52;WT mice to understand how Dp71 overexpression affects skeletal and cardiac muscle phenotypes. Apart from the mouse Dmd gene, del52;WT mice are heterozygous for a full-length, exon 52-deleted human DMD transgene expected to only permit Dp71 expression in muscle. Thus, del52;WT mice overexpress Dp71 through both the human and murine dystrophin genes. We observed elevated Dp71 protein in del52;WT mice, significantly higher than wild-type in the heart but not the tibialis anterior. Moreover, del52;WT mice had generally normal skeletal muscle but impaired cardiac function, exhibiting significant systolic dysfunction as early as 3 months. No histological abnormalities were found in the tibialis anterior and heart. Our results suggest that Dp71 overexpression may have more detrimental effects on the heart than on skeletal muscles, providing insight into the role of Dp71 in DMD pathogenesis.     

Sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear structural design problem

This paper presents a user-oriented demonstration of practical applicability of a recently developed sensitivity analysis methodology. The required underlying theory for sensitivity analysis of nonlinear programming problems and an algorithm for implementing the subsequent results of this theory using the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique are briefly reviewed. A recently developed computer program based on this approach is used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear programming problem associated with the optimization of the design of a vertically corrugated transverse bulkhead of an oil tanker. Major assumptions and results associated with the basic sensitivity analysis approach are verified for the subject problem. First order sensitivity information is used to estimate measures associated with various perturbations of the given problem data. Details of stability and convergence characteristics of the solution points and their partial derivatives with respect to the problem parameters are amply tabulated and graphically illustrated. It is felt that such studies are indispensable in assessing the status of a solution and hence will be of great interest to design engineers and managers as well as to mathematical programmers.