Line width control in electron-beam lithography

A method for predicting line widths in electron beam lithography is described. Computer predictions of line dimension as a function of dose, and profile as a function of proximity to another line are compared with experimental results on 0.35?m thick PMMA at a beam energy of 15 keV.     

Isolation of fatty acids from an egyptian petroleum

A mixture of straight-chain fatty acids (from C₇ to C₁₉) was isolated from an Egyptian petroleum via extractive crystallisation with urea. Although the total acidic content in Egyptian petroleum is low, the fatty acids constitute at least 32% of the total acids. n-Pentadecanoic and n-nonadecanoic acids were isolated for the first time from petroleum acids by a sequence involving fractional distillation of the methyl esters, extractive crystallisation with urea and recrystallisation of amide derivatives.     

Power system voltage regulation based on voltage feedback using a dynamic capacitor

Over twenty-four hours of operation of a power system there is a wide variation in the demand, resulting in voltage fluctuation. This fluctuation may be large enough to lead to inefficient and unreliable operation of industrial plants. The fluctuation can be overcome by proper choice of controls (capacitors) located at suitable points on the power networks. To maintain the voltages within tight admissible limits, it is necessary to obtain a complete dynamic model of the generation-transmission system.In this paper, the dynamic model of a power system consisting of a synchronous generator, a transmission line containing four buses, and control capacitors placed at the buses is considered. Two types of control (capacitor) are used to regulate the voltages, (i) a synchronous capacitor and (ii) a static capacitor.A mathematical model of the controls is also presented. In this study, three separate cases of loads at the buses are simulated in the dynamic system. In all the cases the proposed controls are used to regulate the system voltages. The results indicate that, with the variation of loads, the desired voltage regulation can be achieved by proper choice of capacitor controls as functions of time.     

Uncertainty propagation in probabilistic risk assessment: A comparative study

Three uncertainty propagation techniques, namely method of moments, discrete probability distribution (DPD), and Monte Carlo simulation, generally used in probabilistic risk assessment, are compared and conclusions drawn in terms of the accuracy of the results. For small uncertainty in the basic event unavailabilities, the three methods give similar results. For large uncertainty, the method of moments is in error, and the appropriate method is to propagate uncertainty in the discrete form either by DPD method without sampling or by Monte Carlo.     

Performance Evaluation for Transform Coding Using a Nonseparable Covariance Model

Intraframe transform coding of pictures for the case of a nonseparable covariance model is considered. Performances of the Walsh-Hadamard, discrete cosine and Karhunen-Loeve transforms are compared based on the compaction of signal energy in the transform components, and, the degree of decorrelation of the data. The results demonstrate that the performances of the discrete cosine and Karhunen-Loéve transforms compare closely, as is the case with a separable covariance model. The corresponding performance of the Walsh-Hadamard transform is inferior.     

Personality characteristics and socioeconomic variables.

Conducted a study of 125 male and 128 female heads of household in Ontario, Canada in order to determine the relationship between scores on 11 personality scales (from the Personality Research Form, MPI, and CPI) and socioeconomic status and age. Results reveal a number of significant correlations of male Ss with age, household income, occupational status, and educational level. The Dominance scale showed the highest correlation with male Ss' income and educational level. Male non-high school graduates' scores on Harmavoidance and Change scales varied markedly with age level. Although the above findings with regard to age and education applied to both male and female Ss, correlations with male Ss were considerably higher than those with female Ss. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Aktivit?t und subcellul?re Verteilung einiger Mitochondrien-Enzyme im Skeletmuskel. II. Ver?nderungen im Rindermuskel post mortem

Zusammenfassung Proben desLongissimus-dorsi-Muskels des Rindes wurden bis zu 15 Tage nach dem. Schlachten bei 4° C gelagert. Die Änderung der extrahierbaren absoluten und spezifischen Aktivität der Mitochondrien-Enzyme Aconitase (AC), Fumarase (FU), Glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH), Malatdehydrogenase (MDH) and Succinodehydrogenase (SDH) während der Lagerung wurde studiert. Es wurde ferner der Einfluß der Lagerung auf die Aktivität der SDH im nicht zentrifugierten Muskelhomogenat ermittelt. Während die Gesamtaktivität von FU und ACpost mortem abnahm, blieb die Aktivität von SDH und MDH nahezu unverändert. Die extrahierbare GLDH-Aktivität wies im Zustand desRigor mortis ein Minimum auf.Durch Bestimmung der Enzymaktivitäten im Preßsaft des unzerkleinerten Gewebes wurde die Änderung der subcellulären Verteilung der Mitochondrien-Enzymepost mortem verfolgt. AC, MDH und SDH wurden während der Lagerung des Muskelspost mortem nicht aus ihrer Bindung an die Mitochondrien freigesetzt. FU wurde nach Eintritt desRigor mortis in geringem Maße freigesetzt. GLDH trat innerhalb von 24 Stdpost mortem in erheblichem Umfang aus ihrer Bindung an Mitochondrien in das Sarkoplasma über.Die Resultate lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Mitochondrien des Rindermuskels im Verlauf desRigor mortis eine Schädigung erfahren, die zu einem partiellen Austritt der Matrix in das Sarkoplasma ohne wesentliche Desintegration der Mitochondrienmembranen führt. Die Möglichkeit einer Öffnung der intramitochondrialen Räume durch Quellung der Mitochondrien als Folge des glykolytisch bedingten pH-Abfalls wird diskutiert.

---

Activity and subcellular distribution of some mitochondria) enzymes in skeletal muscle. II. Post-mortem changes in bovine muscle

Summary Samples of bovineM. longissimus dorsi were stored for up to 15 days post mortemat at 4° C. The changes in the extractable absolute and specific activities of the mitochondria) enzymes aconitase (AC), fumarase (FU), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were determined. The influence of storage on the activity of SDH in the muscle homogenate was also studied. There was a decrease in the total activity of AC and FU post mortem, but no remarkable changes in the activity of SDH and MDH. The GLDH activity showed a minimum at the time of rigor mortis.The changes in the subcellular distribution of the mitochondria) enzymes post mortem were determined by studying the enzyme activities in the press juice of the intact muscle tissue. AC, MDH and SDH were not released from mitochondria) structures during storage of muscle. There was a small release of FU after development of rigor mortis. However, a great part of GLDH was released from the mitochondria into the sarcoplasma within 24 h post mortem.The results show that the mitochondria of bovine muscle undergo a certain damage during development of rigor mortis which results in a partial efflux of the mitochondria) matrix into the sarcoplasma without a remarkable desintegration of the mitochondria) membranes. The possibility of an opening of the intramitochondrial spaces by swelling of mitochondria caused by the decrease of pH post mortem is discussed.

---

---

Stipendiat der Alexander-von-Humboldt-Stiftung. Jetzige Adresse: University of Assiut, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut, VAR.     

Two-port subnetworks of exponential distributed parameter Z-Y-KZ and Y-Z-KY micro-circuits with similar transfer functions

This paper shows that one may find a two-port subnetwork of the exponential distributed parameter (DP) Z-Y-KZ micro-circuit whose open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current ratio-transfer functions are exactly the same as those of another two-port subnetwork of the exponential (DP) Y-Z-KY micro-circuit. There are in total 28 such unique non-redundant two-port subnetworks of the exponential Z-Y-KZ structure which have their counterparts produced by the exponential Y-Z-KY micro-circuit. The results are given in a table. This information is intended to eliminate the duplicacy of time-consuming labour involved in the analyses of these subnetworks obtainable from the exponential Z-Y-KZ and Y-Z-KY structures in view of recent interest in the performance characteristics of such subnetworks.