Erratum to: Characterizing interwell connectivity in waterflooded reservoirs using data-driven and reduced-physics models: a comparative study

Neural Computing and Applications -     

Optimization of dielectric heating parameters in the production of high‐voltage LiNiPO4‐core and carbon‐shell ceramics

Excellent core‐shell morphology and nanoscale high‐voltage LiNiPO₄@C cathode materials have been synthesized by a low‐level and long‐time microwave and solvothermal synthesis methodology. The effects of the changing physicochemical parameters on the crystal‐quality and electrochemical properties of the products have been evaluated in relation to the cycling stability. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that it is possible to synthesize phase‐pure LiNiPO₄ material when the reaction parameters are carefully elaborated. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals a core‐shell morphology with a coating thickness of 6‐8 nm for 30 minutes at 180°C solvothermal temperature and time‐spread microwave energy. This mentioned cathode material exhibits the best electrochemical properties, achieving a discharge capacity of 157 mAh·g^?1 at a 0.l C current rate, and shows a remarkable 81% capacity retention at the end of the 80th cycle.     

Metallo‐supramolecular materials based on terpyridine‐functionalized polyhedral silsesquioxane

In this study, novel metallo‐supramolecular materials based on terpyridine‐functionalized polyhedral silsesquioxane were synthesized from 4′‐chloro‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and amino‐group‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The obtained terpyridine‐functionalized polyhedral silsesquioxanes were converted to metallo‐supramolecular hybrid materials by coordination polycondensation reaction with Co(II) or Cu(II) ions. The supramolecular polymers created were characterized by means of structure, morphology and stimuli‐responsive performance employing scanning electron microscopy, amperometric techniques and UV–visible and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. UV?visible and cyclic voltammetry studies showed that both the optical and electrochemical properties of metallo‐supramolecular materials are affected by the substituent at the pyridine periphery. The supramolecular polymers obtained exhibited electrochromism during the oxidation processes of cyclic voltammogram studies. As a result, these terpyridine‐functionalized polyhedral silsesquioxanes are good candidates for electronic, opto‐electronic and photovoltaic applications as smart stimuli‐responsive materials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Soot formation in high pressure laminar diffusion flames

The details of the chemical and physical mechanisms of the soot formation process in combustion remain uncertain due to the highly complex nature of hydrocarbon flames, and only a few principles are firmly established mostly for atmospheric conditions. In spite of the fact that most combustion devices used for transportation operate at very high pressures (e.g., aircraft gas turbines up to 40 atm, diesel engines exceeding 100 atm), our understanding of soot formation at these pressures is not at a desirable level, and there is a fundamental lack of experimental data and complementary predictive models. The focus of this review is to assess the experimental results available from laminar co-flow diffusion flames burning at elevated pressures. First, a brief review of soot formation mechanisms in diffusion flames is presented. This is followed by an assessment of soot diagnostics techniques, both intrusive and non-intrusive, most commonly used in soot experiments including the laser induced incandescence. Then the experimental results of soot measurements done at elevated pressures in diffusion flames are reviewed and critically assessed. Soot studies in shock tubes and in premixed flames are not covered. Smoke point fuel mass flow rate is revisited, and shortcomings in recent measurements are pointed. The basic requirements for tractable and comparable measurements as a function of pressure are summarized. Most recent studies at high pressures with aliphatic gaseous fuels show that the soot yield displays a unified behaviour with reduced pressure. The maximum soot yield seems to reach a plateau asymptotically as the pressure exceeds the critical pressure of the fuel. Lack of experimental data on the sensitivity of soot morphology to pressure is emphasized. A short summary of efforts in the literature on the numerical simulation of soot formation in diffusion flames at high pressures is the last section of the paper.     

Comparison of lactic acid bacteria diversity during the fermentation of Tarhana produced at home and on a commercial scale

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this study, lactic acid bacteria diversity during the fermentation of homemade and commercially prepared Tarhana, a traditional fermented cereal food from...     

Degradation mechanisms in Li‐ion batteries: a state‐of‐the‐art review

One of the most prominent energy storage technologies which are under continuous development, especially for mobile applications, is the Li‐ion batteries due to their superior gravimetric and volumetric energy density. However, limited cycle life of Li‐ion batteries inhibits their extended use in stationary energy storage applications. To enable wider market penetration of Li‐ion batteries, detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms is required. A typical Li‐ion battery comprised of an active material, binder, separator, current collector, and electrolyte, and the interaction between these components plays a critical role in successful operation of such batteries. Degradation of Li‐ion batteries can have both chemical and mechanical origins and manifests itself by capacity loss, power fading or both. Mechanical degradation mechanisms are associated with the volume changes and stress generated during repetitive intercalation of Li ions into the active material, whereas chemical degradation mechanisms are associated with the parasitic side reactions such as solid electrolyte interphase formation, electrolyte decomposition/reduction and active material dissolution. In this study, the main degradation mechanisms in Li‐ion batteries are reviewed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Double shield TBM performance analysis in difficult ground conditions: a case study in the Gerede water tunnel,Turkey

The performance analysis of double shield TBMs in difficult ground conditions in the Gerede tunnel is presented in this study. The strength of the encountered formations along the tunnel route varied from medium strength (sandstone, limestone) to high strength (basalt). The total length of tunnels is 31.6 km, which was excavated by three double shield TBMs having diameter of 5.57 m. Literature studies are first carried out in order to review the difficult ground conditions and their impacts on mechanized tunnelling. Later, the project, geology, and the characteristics of the TBMs are given in detail. Then the factors affecting the performance of the TBMs, machine utilization, and operational parameters (torque, thrust) are discussed in detail. In the light of these facts, the main objective of this study is to describe the possible improvement methods to reduce the effect of these difficulties on TBM performance.     

Multi-channel energy detection under phase noise: analysis and mitigation

For the development of highly integrated, flexible and low-cost cognitive radio (CR) devices, simple transceiver architectures, like direct-conversion receiver, are expected to be deployed and provide viable radio frequency (RF) spectrum sensing solutions for practical implementation. Yet, this can be very challenging task especially if spectrum sensing and down-conversion are conducted over multiple RF channels simultaneously for improved efficiency in channel scans. Then, the so-called dirty RF problem that degrades link performance of traditional transmission systems starts to be influential from spectrum sensing perspective as well. The unavoidable RF impairments, e.g., oscillator phase noise in direct-conversion receiver, could generate crosstalk between multiple channels that are down-converted simultaneously, and thus considerably limit the spectrum sensing capabilities. Most of the existing spectrum sensing studies in literature assume an ideal RF receiver and have not considered such practical RF hardware problem. In this article, we study the impact of oscillator phase noise on energy detection (ED) based spectrum sensing in multi-channel direct-conversion receiver scenario. With complex Gaussian primary user (PU) signal models, we first derive the detection and false alarm probabilities in closed-form expression. The analytical results, verified through extensive simulations, show that the wideband multi-channel sensing receiver is very sensitive to the neighboring channel crosstalk induced by oscillator phase noise. More specifically, it is shown that the false alarm probability of multi-channel energy detection increases significantly, compared to the ideal RF receiver case. The exact performance degradation depends on the power of neighboring channels as well as statistical characteristics of the phase noise in the deployed receiver. In order to prevent such performance degradation in spectrum identification, an enhanced energy detection technique is proposed. The proposed technique calculates the leakage power from neighboring channels for each channel and improves the sample energy statistics by subtracting this leakage power from the raw values. An analytical expression is derived for the leakage power which is shown to be a function of power spectral levels of neighboring channels and 3-dB bandwidth of phase noise process. Practical schemes for estimating these two quantities are discussed. Extensive computer simulations show that the proposed enhanced detection yields false alarm rates that are very close to those of an ideal RF receiver and hence clearly outperforms classical energy detection.