Response Surface Modeling of Processing Parameters for the Preparation of Phytosterol Nanodispersions Using an Emulsification–Evaporation Technique

The purpose of this study was to optimize the production parameters for water-soluble phytosterol nanodispersions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize three of the processing parameters: mixing time (t) by conventional homogenizer (1–20 min), mixing speed (v) by conventional homogenizer (1,000–9,000 rpm) and homogenization pressure (P) by high-pressure homogenizer (0.1–80 MPa). All responses [i.e., mean particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and phytosterols concentration (Phyto, mg/l)] fitted well to a reduced quadratic model by multiple regressions after manual elimination. For PS, PDI and Phyto, the coefficients of determination (R ²) were 0.9902, 0.9065 and 0.8878, respectively. The optimized processing parameters were 15.25 min mixing time, 7,000 rpm mixing speed and homogenization pressure 42.4 MPa. In the produced nanodispersions, the corresponding responses for the optimized preparation conditions were a PS of 52 nm, PDI of 0.3390 and a Phyto of 336 mg/l.     

改性沸石去除中低放废水中痕量放射性核素的研究

研究了天然沸石的改性及其去除模拟中低放废水中痕量放射性核素的性能.将预处理好的天然沸石在浓度为0.25 mol/L的NaCl溶液中浸泡并在25℃、转速为200 r/min下恒温振荡24h,洗净烘干后得到钠型改性沸石.研究了吸附时间、溶液pH、沸石投加量和竞争离子对沸石吸附Co2+的影响,得到了最佳吸附条件:Co2+起始...     

Mesoporous nanocrystalline zirconium oxide: novel preparation and photoluminescence property

A novel strategy involving the combination of soft-templating and solid–liquid method (CSSL) is presented to synthesize mesoporous nanocrystalline zirconia with high specific surface area, that is, the mesostructured zirconia hybrid is firstly synthesized via cooperative assembly between zirconium sulphate as inorganic precursor and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (C₁₆mim⁺Br⁻) as the structure-directing agent, and subsequently ground with solid magnesium nitrate salt followed by heat-treatment in air. The resulting zirconia material after calcination at 600 °C possesses a wormlike arrangement of mesopores surrounded by tetragonal ZrO₂ nanocrystallites of ca. 2.3 nm. The BET surface area is 255 m²/g and the pore size is ca. 4.3 nm. However, no mesoporous structure exists in the obtained zirconia material via the simple soft-templating method at the same calcination temperature. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the obtained mesoporous nanocrystalline ZrO₂ show a strong emission peak at ca. 394 nm under UV excitation of 250 nm wavelength.     

Studies of a high temperature proton exchange membrane based on incorporating an ionic liquid cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium into a Nafion matrix

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on Nafion were prepared by incorporating the polymer with ionic liquid cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm) and doping with phosphoric acid (PA). We found that using the hydroxide form rather than the chloride form of BMIm incorporated more readily the BMIm cation into Nafion film. A mole ratio of about 2 of BMIm cation to Nafion repeat unit, i.e., λ_BMIm/Nafion, was reached with the hydroxide form BMIm. The incorporated BMIm cation enhanced the doping of phosphoric acid into Nafion. A proton conductivity of 10.9 mS cm⁻¹ and a tensile stress at break of 5.3 MPa were achieved, respectively, with a composite membrane of Nafion/2.3BMIm/5.2PA in molar ratio at 160 °C without humidification.     

Effects of graphene oxide sheets-zirconia spheres nanohybrids on mechanical,thermal and tribological performances of epoxy composites

In this work, graphene oxide sheets-zirconia spheres (ZrO₂-rGO) nanohybrids were fabricated by Schiff base or Michael addition reaction. Their structure was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectra, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope in detail. The reaction process of PDA-capping on rGO and APTES treatment on ZrO₂ nanoparticles were verified and it was proved that the ZrO₂ nanoparticles were successfully adhered onto the wrinkled surface of the graphene oxide. As a new multifunctional nanofillers, the ZrO₂-rGO nanohybrids were introduced into epoxy matrix and the mechanical, thermal properties and tribological performances of the fabricated composites were also detailedly investigated. Compared with the neat EP composites, the tensile strength and elongation at break of 0.1?wt% ZrO₂-rGO/EP are improved by 33% and 40%, respectively. Besides, the propagation of decomposition reactions in the composites could be impeded by anchoring ZrO₂ nanoparticles on the lamellar skeleton of graphene oxide. Furthermore, the lubricating effect and strong interfacial interaction contributed by the ZrO₂-rGO nanohybrids result in efficient load transfer from the matrix to the hybrids, which enables the ZrO₂-rGO/EP composites to have a fairly high wear resistance performance. This novel and effective approach using ZrO₂-rGO nanohybrids as multifunctional nanofillers could be beneficial to promote the development of high performance composites.     

直流三端子输电特性的研究

在使用他励式电力换流器的并列式直流多端子送电系统中，根据电力系统的需要，有时对支线换流站进行从整流到逆变，或者与之相反的切换，为了对支线换流站的电压极性进行切换必须使支线换流站与直流系统一时脱离，这样极为不便，为了解决这一问题，如果在需进行上述切换的支线换流站设置双向电力换流器，在进行由整流到逆变，或与之相反的切换时，则不必使支线换流站与直流系统相脱离，只需用正弦波电流跟随控制方式，改变基准电流的     

双溴封端三氟氯乙烯调聚物的研制

选择二溴四氟乙烷为调聚剂,以三氟氯乙烯为调聚单体,尝试了3种不同方法试图合成双溴封端的三氟氯乙烯均聚调聚物,通过实验比较了3种方法的优缺点,同时通过凝胶渗透色谱、元素分析以及核磁共振等手段对调聚物的分子量、端基类型及其结构形式进行了表征。结果表明本文的合成方法简单易行,可以合成不同分子量的双溴封端调聚物。     

硝酸羟胺HAN基液体发射药主要组份分析研究

硝酸羟胺基液体发射药是我国80年代末才开始研究的火炮“新能源”分析方法尚未确定.本文采用丙酮为“转换剂”成功地用酸碱滴定法测定了原料和成品中的硝酸羟胺HAN;采用“非水滴定法”测定了原料硝酸三乙醇胺TEAK的含量;并对液体药中TEAR之含量进行“电位滴定”方法的尝试,初步建立了“液体药组份分析方法”,保证了科研任务顺利完成.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Aqueous Properties of a New Hybrid Fluorocarbon Cationic Surfmer

A novel hybrid fluorocarbon cationic surfmer has been synthesized and its aggregation and surface properties have been studied by surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Through surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence and Rayleigh light scattering measurements, the effectiveness of surface tension reduction, the maximum surface excess concentration, the minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface, the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles were investigated. The results shows that the surfmer has superior surface activity and lower micropolarity than other surfmers. The critical micelle concentration at different temperatures and a series of thermodynamic parameters (, , and , , , and ) of micellization were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the micelle formation was entropy‐driven in the temperature range of 15–40 °C. The size and morphology of the aggregates were also confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.     

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON‐fed and FO‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre‐weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.