Plating of small blind vias [multilayer PCBs]

Metallization of laminates with blind vias on the dielectric side was performed by electroless copper plating with subsequent copper electroplating. The vertical cross section of blind vias with diameters between 125 and 75 μm were analyzed by reflective microscopy. Results indicate that ultrasonic vibration during the pretreatment processes of metallization enables complete electroless copper deposition of the inside wall of the small blind vias without any voids. Furthermore, the introduction of periodic pulse reversal current for the subsequent copper electroplating process resulted in high throwing power deposition. By employing these two protocols, it has been demonstrated that high throwing power deposition can be readily achieved for blind vias as small as 75 μm in diameter with an aspect ratio of 3:1     

R~n中的方程－△U＋U＝｜X｜~l｜U｜~（p－1）U的正解的唯一性

通过讨论Ｒ~ｎ中的超线性椭圆边值问题的正解的唯一性，得出主要结果可归结如下：如果ｌ≤－２，ｐ＞１，则该问题的正解是唯一的．     

基于LED光源的一氧化碳气体检测仪的设计

文章描绘并分析了一氧化碳分子的红外吸收光谱,推导了一氧化碳分子的吸收线型,估算了分子吸收系数,给出了气室设计的最佳长度。通过光谱分析发现,一氧化碳基频吸收比倍频吸收强约两个数量级,因此基频对应的4．60μm吸收谱带更适合于高灵敏度的一氧化碳气体检测。文中设计了一种基于LED光源的红外一氧化碳检测仪,结果表明,利用单LED光源、双探测器及反射式气室结构能够有效抑制环境变化、LED功率波动及探测器漂移等产生的噪声的干扰,进而具有较低的探测灵敏度,探测限为100×10-6。     

Engineered organic/inorganic hybrids for superhydrophobic coatings by wet and vapour procedures

Siloxane/oxide hybrids have attracted growing attention thanks to their ability to modulate the surface energy, wettability, or self-lubricity of a material. Here, we compare two functionalisation procedures (chemical vapour deposition and wet impregnation) on substrate films composed by preformed oxide particles. Three kinds of particles, characterised by different natures (SiO₂ and TiO₂) and average particle size, were studied to highlight possible effects related to the chemical and morphological state of the substrate surface. Morphological characterisations were carried out using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, while the structure of the hydrophobing layer was studied by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The degree of functionalisation and the features of the siloxane layer vary significantly among the adopted oxides and functionalisation methods. The wettability features of the different hybrids closely mirror the results of the spectroscopic characterisations, giving rise to either Lotus leaf or patch-wise hydrophobic systems depending on the adopted conditions.     

Sr-containing hydroxyapatite: morphologies of HA crystals and bioactivity on osteoblast cells

A series of Sr-substituted hydroxyapatites (HA), of general formula Ca_(10 ? x)Sr_x(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, where x = 2 and 4, were synthesized by solid state methods and characterized extensively. The reactivity of these materials in cell culture medium was evaluated, and the behavior towards MG-63 osteoblast cells (in terms of cytotoxicity and proliferation assays) was studied. Future in vivo studies will give further insights into the behavior of the materials.A paper by Lagergren et al. (1975), concerning Sr-substituted HA prepared by a solid state method, reports that the presence of Sr in the apatite composition strongly influences the apatite diffraction patterns. Zeglinsky et al. (2012) investigated Sr-substituted HA by ab initio methods and Rietveld analyses and reported changes in the HA unit cell volume and shape due to the Sr addition.To further clarify the role played by the addition of Sr on the physico-chemical properties of these materials we prepared Sr-substituted HA compositions by a solid state method, using different reagents, thermal treatments and a multi-technique approach. Our results indicated that the introduction of Sr at the levels considered here does influence the structure of HA. There is also evidence of a decrease in the crystallinity degree of the materials upon Sr addition. The introduction of increasing amounts of Sr into the HA composition causes a decrease in the specific surface area and an enrichment of Sr-apatite phase at the surface of the samples. Bioactivity tests show that the presence of Sr causes changes in particle size and/or morphology during soaking in MEM solution; on the contrary the morphology of pure HA does not change after 14 days of reaction. The presence of Sr, as Sr-substituted HA and SrCl_2, in cultures of human MG-63 osteoblasts did not produce any cytotoxic effect. In fact, Sr-substituted HA increased the proliferation of osteoblast cells and enhanced cell differentiation: Sr in HA has a positive effect on MG-63 cells. In contrast, Sr ions alone, at the concentrations released by Sr-HA (1.21–3.24 ppm), influenced neither cell proliferation nor differentiation. Thus the positive effects of Sr in Sr-HA materials are probably due to the co-action of other ions such as Ca and P.     

“3+1”与CDIO理念相结合的应用型人才培养方案

本文分析民办高校人才定位与传统培养方式存在的矛盾,提出将CDIO教育理念与"3+1"相结合的模式,从而实现学校"本科学历+职业技能"教育的培养目标,最后针对网络工程专业介绍理论课程体系和实践教学环节的设置。     

Algorithm selection for SMT

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer - This paper presents MachSMT, an algorithm selection tool for Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers. MachSMT supports the...     

A putative three-dimensional arrangement of the human serotonin transporter transmembrane helices: a tool to aid experimental studies.

The human serotonin transporter is the molecular target for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs which are being used for treatment of depression. A three-dimensional model of the membrane spanning parts of the transporter was constructed. The transporter was assumed to consist of 12 transmembrane alpha-helices. The model was based on published experimental data of cocaine binding to mutant transporters, amino acid sequence analysis, and interactive molecular graphics. The model suggests that a high affinity cocaine binding site is situated in a region of the model where Asp98 acts like an anchor, while a putative low affinity site is situated in another region with Glu508 as the anchoring amino acid. A series of docking experiments with various reuptake inhibitors were conducted, using interactive molecular graphics techniques combined with energy calculations and analysis of the transporter-ligand complexes. Experiments involving molecular mapping of ligand binding areas may benefit from using the current model in experimental design. From the current model, several amino acids were proposed as prime candidates for mutagenesis and subsequent ligand binding studies. Also for evaluation of results from site directed mutagenesis experiments with SERT and similar transporters we assume the model will be helpful.     

Enhanced osteoinductive capacity and decreased variability by enrichment of demineralized bone matrix with a bone protein extract

Osteoinductive capacity of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is sometimes insufficient or shows high variability between different batches of DBM. Here, we tried to improve its osteoinductive activity by alkali-urea or trypsin treatment but this strategy was unsuccessful. Then, we tested the enrichment of DBM with a bone protein extract (BPE) containing osteogenic growth factors comparing two sources: cortical bone powder and DBM. The osteoinductive capacity (alkaline phosphatase activity) of the obtained BPEs was evaluated in vitro in C2C12 cells. Specific protein levels present in the different BPE was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or by a multiplex assay. BPE from cortical bone powder showed a lack of osteoinductive effect, in agreement with the low content on osteoinductive factors. In contrast, BPE from DBM showed osteoinductive activity but also high variability among donors. Thus, we decided to enrich DBM with BPE obtained from a pool of DBM from different donors. Following this strategy, we achieved increased osteoinductive activity and lower variability among donors. In conclusion, the use of a BPE obtained from a pool of demineralized bone to enrich DBM could be used to increase its osteoinductive effect and normalize the differences between donors.

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