Analytical Modeling of Short-Channel Fully-Depleted Triple Work Function Metal Gate (TWFMG) SOI MESFET

Silicon - In this paper, a new structure: triple work function metal gate SOI MESFET, intended for integration into the deep-submicron CMOS technology, is proposed. The gate of the device consists...     

Implementing a one-bit reversible full adder using quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technique is one of the emerging and promising nanotechnologies. It has considerable advantages versus CMOS technology in various aspects such as extremely low power dissipation, high operating frequency and small size. In this paper, designing of a one-bit full adder is investigated using a QCA implementation of Toffoli and Fredkin gates. Then, a full adder design with reversible QCA1 gates is proposed regarding to overhead and power savings. Our proposed full adder design is more preferable when considering both circuit area and speed. The proposed design uses only two QCA1 gates and maximizes the circuit density and focuses on a layout of the circuit which is minimal in using QCA cells.     

Design of explicit model predictive control for constrained linear systems with disturbances

On-line model predictive control approaches require the online solution of an optimization problem. In contrast, the explicit model predictive control moves major part of computation offline. Therefore, eMPC enables one to implement a MPC in real time for wide range of fast systems. The eMPC approach requires the exact system model and results a piecewise affine control law defined on a polyhedral partition in the state space. As an important limitation, disturbances may reduce performance of the explicit model predictive control. This paper presents efficient approach for handling the problem of using eMPC for constrained systems with disturbances. It proposes an approach to improve performance of the closed loop system by designing a suitable state and disturbance estimator. Conditions for observability of the disturbances are considered and it is depicted that applying the disturbance’s estimation leads to rejection of the response error. It is also shown that the proposed approach prevents the reduction of feasible space. Simulation results illustrate the advantages of this approach.     

Dehydration of water/1-1-dimethylhydrazine mixtures by zeolite membranes

In this research, dehydration of water/1-1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) mixtures by zeolite NaA and hydroxy sodalite membranes has been investigated. Support of these membranes has been tubular mullites that have been made by extruding a mixture of about 67–75% kaolin clay and 33–25% distilled water using an extruder. Zeolite NaA and hydroxy sodalite membranes have been coated on the external surface of the porous supports by the hydrothermal synthesis.

UDMH/water mixtures have been separated at ambient temperature and pressure by pervaporation (PV) using these zeolite membranes. These membranes showed very high selectivity of water for all UDMH mixtures. For the UDMH/water mixtures, separation factor as high as 10 000 has been obtained for UDMH feed concentration of 2%. Total mass fluxes of 1.05–0.2 kg/(m² h) have been also obtained.     

Relating Sediment Yield Estimations to the Wet Front Term Using Rainfall Simulator Field Experiments

Water Resources Management - Depth to wet front is generally considered as the amount of water that penetrates into soil and wets the internal soil layer. This is an important variable especially...     

Application of thermal ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid micro-extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for rapid determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils

A simple, fast, and reliable liquid–liquid micro-extraction (LLME) method assisted by thermal ultrasound approach was developed for simultaneous determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in edible oils by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The synthetic antioxidants were propyl gallate (PG), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT). The best extraction conditions were observed were methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) as the solvent, ultrasound at 4 min, and a temperature of 40°C. The linearity of the calibration curves for the optimum conditions were R² > 0.989 for all of the SPAs in a range from 1–200 μg ml⁻¹. Relative standard deviation (RSD %) for five analysis was in range of 2.83% to 4.21%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained in range of 0.012–0.06 and 0.04–0.2 μg g⁻¹, respectively. With regard to recovery, a range of 91%–116% was calculated for the spiked edible oils.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/gum tragacanth/cellulose nanocomposite film

The effects of gum tragacanth obtained from two species of Astragalus Gossypinus (GT-G) and A. Parrowianus (GT-P) at two levels of 10% and 30% combined with cellulose nanofibers (CNF; 5%) on the physico-mechanical and structural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite film were investigated in this study. The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the films decreased with increasing the content of both gums, especially in the film containing 30% GT-P. The highest values of the tensile strength (39.3 MPa) and elongation at break (445%) belonged to the treatment containing 10% GT-P (90/10P/0). The FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed good interactions between GT and PVA in the 90/10P/0 treatment. SEM images indicated the dense structure of this film as the optimum treatment. Although the presence of CNF in the films containing GT-G improved some properties, especially the Young modulus, it impaired all the functional properties of nanocomposite GT-P film.     

Quantifying nonclassicality of correlations based on the concept of nondisruptive local state identification

A bipartite state is classical with respect to party A if and only if party A can perform nondisruptive local state identification (NDLID) by a projective measurement. Motivated by this we introduce a class of quantum correlation measures for an arbitrary bipartite state. The measures utilize the general Schatten p-norm to quantify the amount of departure from the necessary and sufficient condition of classicality of correlations provided by the concept of NDLID. We show that for the case of Hilbert–Schmidt norm, i.e., \(p=2\), a closed formula is available for an arbitrary bipartite state. The reliability of the proposed measures is checked from the information-theoretic perspective. Also, the monotonicity behavior of these measures under LOCC is exemplified. The results reveal that for the general pure bipartite states these measures have an upper bound which is an entanglement monotone in its own right. This enables us to introduce a new measure of entanglement, for a general bipartite state, by convex roof construction. Some examples and comparison with other quantum correlation measures are also provided.     

High-order compact boundary value method for the solution of unsteady convection–diffusion problems

In this paper, we propose a new class of high-order accurate methods for solving the two-dimensional unsteady convection–diffusion equation. These techniques are based on the method of lines approach. We apply a compact finite difference approximation of fourth order for discretizing spatial derivatives and a boundary value method of fourth order for the time integration of the resulted linear system of ordinary differential equations. The proposed method has fourth-order accuracy in both space and time variables. Also this method is unconditionally stable due to the favorable stability property of boundary value methods. Numerical results obtained from solving several problems include problems encounter in many transport phenomena, problems with Gaussian pulse initial condition and problems with sharp discontinuity near the boundary, show that the compact finite difference approximation of fourth order and a boundary value method of fourth order give an efficient algorithm for solving such problems.     

Low-power high-speed interconnection networks in NOC using multi-valued current-mode techniques

With the fast developments and growth of electronic applications and a great demand for increasing the speed of processors, VLSI circuits and on-chip interconnections the ＂Networks-On-Chip＂ （NOC） is the best solution for ＂System-On-Chip＂ （SOC）. The most fundamental part of networks On-Chip is the On-Chip interconnection. The model presented in this article describes the method of sending data on On-Chip interconnection by using a current-mode multi-valued logic instead of voltage-mode in order to increase speed and reduce the number of interconnection wires.