Scientific-Technical Support for Innovation at Companies, Research Institutes, and Other Organizations in the Metallurgical Sector

A recent seminar explored new innovations in metallurgical technology and provided a forum for discussing how companies and research organizations manage and plan activities in this area. Two of the specific cases examined were the work done by the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys to find new ways to develop the Udokan copper deposit and the efforts of the institute Stal’proekt to provide engineering-technical support to companies interested in modernizing their furnaces. Among the other topics covered were technical consulting on the use of technogenic materials, the recycling of such materials by the Romelt process, an energy-saving method of producing cast iron and ferroalloys in a new type of furnace — an oxygen reactor — and the development and introduction of automated production units in metallurgy. Reports were also given on new high-strength corrosion-resistant steels, the possible use of new protective coatings on steel plates and tubes, and aspects of micro-metallurgy.Translated from Metallurg, No. 1, pp. 45–49, January, 2005.     

Computational method for and analysis of the application of granular absorbers in VVÉR reactors

Questions concerning the compensation of excess reactivity in pressurized-water reactors by using consumable granular absorbers are examined. A method of computing the spatial-energy distribution of the neutrons in cells with a granular absorber is presented. The neutron-physical and thermophysical characteristics of fuel assemblies with fuel elements based on homogenized and heterogeneous arrangements of gadolinium in them are compared. It is shown that granular absorbers have certain advantages, specifically, they decrease the gadolinium content in the fuel elements and at the same time increase the total number of gadolinium-containing fuel elements in the fuel assemblies. This decreases the maximum power released in the gadolinium-containing fuel elements and the temperature of the fuel during the entire run. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 8–13, January, 2006.     

Sustained Release Matrix of Mebeverine Hydrochloride Using Polyacrylate Resin “Eudragit Retard” Kinetic of Drug Release and Evaluation of a Kinetic Model

In this study Eudragit RS PM and RL PM were evaluated as carriers for the preparation of prolonged release solid dispersions of mebeverine hydrochloride by solvent and melting methods. The prepared tablets were examined for dissolution at pH 1.2 and 7.4, Eudragit RS PM and RL PM were found satisfactory as potential slow release carriers. The solid dispersion prepared by the solvent method showed a slow release pattern. Drug release appeared to fit both, first order and Higuchi matrix model kinetics. However, on application of the differential rate treatments, the evidence supported the Higuchi matrix model. Effect of temperatures on dissolution rate was studied for thermodynamic consideration.

The drug release was pH-independent until pH 7.4.As the pH increased, the release was significantly reduced due to solubility problem.     

Integration of Mobile-IP and OLSR for a Universal Mobility

Trends in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks are clearly identified by the full-IP concept where all traffic (data, control, voice and video services, etc.) will be transported in IP packets. Many proposals are being made to enhance IP with the functionalities necessary to manage the mobility of nodes, so that networks can provide global seamless roaming between heterogeneous wireless and wired networks. In this paper, we focus on the management of universal mobility, including both large scale macro-mobility and local scale micro-mobility. We propose a hierachical architecture (i) extending micro-mobility management of a wireless access network to an ad-hoc access network, (ii) connecting this ad-hoc network to the Internet and (iii) integrating Mobile IP and OLSR, a routing protocol for ad-hoc networks, to manage universal mobility. This architecture is validated by an implementation based on DynamicsMobile-IP and OLSR version 7. We show how the brodcast of Mobile-IP Agent Advertisement can be optimized using OLSR MPR-flooding.     

Vitamin E protects chick tissues againstex vivo oxidation of heme protein

Protection by dietary vitamin E againstex vivo oxidation of heme proteins in liver and heart tissues of chicks was studied. A previously developed assay consisting of deconvoluting spectra obtained from tissue homogenates to measure oxidation of heme proteins proved successful. Compared to liver and heart from chicks fed the basal diet, the tissues from chicks receiving vitamin E exhibited less oxidation.     

Computationally efficient models for quantization effects in MOSelectron and hole accumulation layers

In this paper, models appropriate for device simulators are developed which account for the quantum mechanical nature of accumulated regions. Accumulation layer quantization is important in deep submicron (⩽0.25 μm) MOS devices in the overlapped source/drain extension regions, in accumulation mode SOI devices, and in buried-channel PMOS structures. Computationally efficient models suitable for routine device simulation are presented that predict the reduction of the accumulated net electron (hole) sheet charge when quantization of the electron (hole) accumulation region is accounted for. The results of comparisons with self-consistent simulations support the validity of these models. In addition, simulation results will be shown which illustrate that when inversion layer quantum mechanical effects are modeled, it is also necessary to account for accumulation layer quantum mechanical effects in order to obtain more physically accurate as well as numerically stable solutions     

Analysis of sectoral energy and exergy use of Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the analysis of sectoral energy and exergy utilization of Saudi Arabia by considering the energy and exergy flows for the 12 years between 1990 and 2001. Sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained for the subsectors and the devices used in each sector. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for Saudi Arabia are also presented, respectively, to illustrate the situation on how energy and exergy efficiencies vary in each sector. The residential sector appears to be the most energy efficient sector, and the industrial sector to be the most exergy efficient. It is believed that the current methodology is useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization, which will help Saudi Arabia with energy savings through energy efficiency and/or energy conservation measures. It is also be helpful to establish standards to facilitate application in various sectors and processes for a sustainable energy planning. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.