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91.
Sugawara F. Aoki K. Yamaguchi H. Sasaki K. Sasaki T. Fujisaki H. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1997,18(10):483-485
A new lateral MOS-gated thyristor, called the Base-Current-Controlled Thyristor, is described. This device is designed so that most holes at the on-stage reach the P base through the floating P+ region adjacent to the P base and the on-state MOSFET. At the turn-off stage, the interruption of the hole current to the P base due to switching off the above MOSFET occurs simultaneously with the conventional turn-off operation. The concept of this device is verified experimentally by using the fabricated lateral device with the external MOSFET. This device exhibits a better trade-off relation between the on-state voltage and the turn-off time compared uith the conventional MOS-gated thyristor 相似文献
92.
Watanabe H. Komori J. Higashitani K. Sekine M. Koyama H. 《Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》1997,10(2):228-232
A novel monitoring method for plasma-charging damage is proposed. This method performs a quick and accurate evaluation using antenna PMOSFET. It was found that not only hot-carrier (HC) lifetime but transistor parameters such as initial gate current and substrate current were changed according to the degree of plasma-charging damage. However, the present work suggests that monitoring the shift of drain current after a few seconds of HC stress is a more accurate method to indicate plasma-charging damage. The monitoring method using the present test structure is demonstrated to be useful for realizing highly reliable devices 相似文献
93.
Norton NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramics were implanted with sodium to a dose of 7.0×1015cm-2 at 72 keV (1 at% peak sodium content at 100 nm). The sodium-implanted samples were further implanted with aluminium to 7.3×1015cm-2 at 87 keV (1 at% peak aluminium content at 100 nm). The implanted and unimplanted samples were oxidized in 1 atm dry oxygen
at 1100 and 1300°C for 2–6 h. Profilometry and scanning electron microscopy measurements indicated that sodium implantation
led to up to a two-fold increase in the oxidation rate of silicon nitride. The sodium effect was effectively neutralized when
aluminium was co-implanted. The opposite effects of sodium and aluminium on the oxidation resistance of silicon nitride can
be attributed to their different roles in modifying the structure and properties of the oxide formed.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
94.
Z. Yu Y. F. Hsia X. Z. You H. Spiering P. Gutlich 《Journal of Materials Science》1997,32(24):6579-6581
A light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) experiment for a thermal gradual spin crossover complex, Fetris (2-pyridylmethyl)
amine(NCS)2 or Fe(tpa) (NCS)2, was attempted for the first time. The high spin (HS) state after light inducement stayed metastable
over a period of days without relaxation at 10 K. Intersystem relaxation from a high to a low spin (LS) complex occurred at
50 K after bleaching at 10 K. Investigation of the Mossbauer spectra of the LIESST and relaxation experiment indicated that
the Debye–Waller factor was a correlation parameter of the HS fraction and that the co-operative effect played a role in the
relaxation process for such a solid compound.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
95.
Sadka A.H. Eryurthlu F. Kondoz A.M. 《Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings -》1997,144(6):369-376
An algorithm is presented to enhance the resilience of block-based video-coding algorithms against channel errors. The error-resilience algorithm described suggests the use of fixed length coding to alleviate the effect of Huffman coding on the synchronisation of the decode under erroneous conditions. The proposed mechanism modifies the order of transmission of the fixed-length video parameters to increase the chance of their arrival. Synchronisation words are sent at fixed-length intervals within the bit stream to reduce the possibility of the decoder falling on similar bit patterns within the bit stream. To limit the effect of error accumulation, the motion prediction process is halted and the differential coding of motion vectors is not applied. FEC techniques are applied on some error-sensitive segments of the reordered video bitstream. The effectiveness of the proposed error-resilience algorithm is evidenced by both subjective and objective results 相似文献
96.
97.
M Vives ME Garcia P Saenz MA Mora L Mata H Sabharwal C Svanborg 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,16(9):852-858
BACKGROUND: The establishment of the nasopharyngeal flora was followed in Costa Rican children from birth to 1 year of age. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained at 1 (n = 413), 3 (n = 393), 6 (n = 376) and 12 months (n = 356) of age from children representative of the population in the Puriscal district. Weekly cultures were obtained from a subcohort of these children (n = 101). Mother-infant diads (n = 95) and preschool children (n = 208) attending day-care centers were also studied. RESULTS: The estimated proportion of colonized children in the population differed markedly depending on the frequency of culture. Quarterly cultures showed a slow increase in carrier rates from 3.9% for Haemophilus influenzae, 3.1% for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 6.5% for Moraxella catarrhalis at 1 month of age to 10.1% carrying H. influenzae and 19.4% carrying S. pneumoniae by the end of the first year. By quarterly culture the proportion of children colonized at least once was 36% for S. pneumoniae, 26% for H. influenzae and 28% for M. catarrhalis. In contrast weekly sampling showed that 95 to 100% of the children were colonized at least once during the first year of life with H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae or M. catarrhalis. Nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis was low in the mothers, and very few mother-infant pairs carried identical bacteria at the same time. In contrast carrier rates were high in the siblings attending day care (H. influenzae 27.9%, S. pneumoniae 39.4%, both organisms 26.6%). Infants with siblings had significantly higher bacterial carriage at all ages than infants without siblings. CONCLUSIONS: Quarterly nasopharyngeal cultures showed that Costa Rican infants acquire their nasopharyngeal flora at a rate comparable with that for infants in developed countries and that siblings are an important source of the bacteria. Weekly samplings showed that virtually all children were colonized at least once during the first year of life. 相似文献
98.
BACKGROUND: To determine the best cutoff values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino-transferase (ALT) in detecting viral hepatitis C infection among patients of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: 90 (44 male and 46 female) CAPD patients and 526 adult controls (266 male, 260 female) were enrolled. Serum AST and ALT were measured by an auto-analyser monthly. Serum HBsAg was examined using a RIA method and anti-HCV by an second-generation EIA method. The best cutoff values of AST and ALT for detecting viral hepatitis were obtained from the ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curve. RESULTS: The prevalence of anti-HCV(+) was significantly higher in CAPD patients (16.7%) than in normal controls (4.9%), while that of HBsAg(+) was similar in both groups. CAPD patients had significantly lower levels of serum aminotransferases compared to normal controls. Mean AST were 23.8 IU/l in normal control and 18.8 IU/l in the CAPD patients (P < 0.001). Mean ALT were 21.9 IU/l in normal controls and 15.3 IU/l in the CAPD patients (P < 0.001). CAPD patients with HCV infection had higher serum AST and ALT levels than those without. However, HBV infection did not cause significant serum aminotransferase elevation in patients. The conventional cutoff values of AST (40 IU/l) and ALT (40 IU/l) for detecting viral hepatitis yielded only a sensitivity of 27.3 and 18.2% respectively; on the contrary, our revised cutoff values of AST (24 IU/l) and ALT (17 IU/l) had better sensitivities (AST, 72.7%; ALT, 63.6%). For serial aminotransferase values, the sensitivity of AST and ALT for detecting HCV were 36.4 and 27.3% by conventional criteria, and were both 81.8%, by our newly revised criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Serum aminotransferase cutoff values should be modified for screening viral hepatitis in a CAPD population. Our new cutoff criteria had important clinical implications in providing benefits of earlier detection and possible prevention from chronic hepatic deteriorations. 相似文献
99.
H Ohsawa S Yamaguchi H Ishimaru M Shimura Y Sato 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,64(2-3):101-106
The neural mechanisms to reflex dilation elicited by electro-acupuncture stimulation were investigated in anesthetized rats. Two needles, with 160 microns diameter and about 5 mm apart, were inserted into the skin and underlying muscle of a hindpaw. Repetitive 20 Hz, 0.5 ms electrical pulses at various intensities were used for stimulation for 30s. The pupil size was magnified about 44 times via a microscope and was continuously recorded on a videotape. Electro-acupuncture stimulation at more than 0.5 up to 6 mA induced stimulus intensity-dependent pupil dilation. These responses were abolished by the severance of the sciatic and saphenous nerve of the stimulated hindlimb. Compound action potentials were recorded from the distal cut end of the tibial of a saphenous nerve following electro-acupuncture stimulation of the hindpaw. The mean threshold of the compound action potentials of the myelinated fibers in saphenous nerves was 0.18 mA, while that of unmyelinated fibers was 3.0 mA. The mean threshold of the compound action potentials of the myelinated fibers in the tibial nerve was 0.20 mA of unmyelinated fibers was 3.3 mA. Severance of bilateral trunks did not affect the response, while severance of the third cranial nerves abolished the responses. In conclusion, electro-acupuncture stimulation applied to the hindpaws of the anesthetized rats induced excitation of myelinated or of both myelinated and unmyelinated afferent fibers of the tibial and saphenous nerve, and involved a reflex response of pupil dilation through the third cranial parasympathetic efferent nerve. 相似文献
100.
Cyclo 3 Fort is used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. In this study, the effects of Cyclo 3 Fort, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg, were studied in cheek pouch preparations from diabetic hamsters. The mean arteriolar diameter in animals receiving Cyclo 3 Fort, 10 and 50 mg/kg, was significantly greater than in control animals (p < 0.05), and the mean venule diameter was significantly lower in animals receiving the 50 mg/kg dose than in the control group. This suggests that Cyclo 3 Fort, 50 mg/kg/day, has a venotonic effect in diabetic animals. The venoarteriolar reflex was studied by measuring the internal diameter of arterioles during venular occlusion. The reflex was impaired in animals treated with either placebo or 2 mg/kg, but this was reversed by treatment with Cyclo 3 Fort, 10 and 50 mg/kg. 相似文献