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81.
High‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry has been performed to investigate the energetics of spinel solid solutions in the Mn3O4‐CuMn2O4 and Fe3O4‐CuFe2O4 systems. The spinel solid solutions were synthesized by a ceramic route and calcined at appropriate temperatures to obtain single phase samples. The drop solution enthalpies of the solid solutions in the Mn3O4‐CuMn2O4 system are the same within experimental error as the enthalpies of drop solution of mechanical mixtures of the end‐members, indicating a zero heat of mixing, i.e., ideal mixing in terms of enthalpy. In Fe3O4‐CuFe2O4, the drop solution enthalpy of the solid solutions shows a positive deviation from those of the mechanical mixture of the end‐members, suggesting negative mixing enthalpy. The formation enthalpies of the spinel solid solutions from their constituent oxides plus oxygen and from the elements were also determined. 相似文献
82.
Synthesis,Chiral Separation,Absolute Configuration Assignment,and Biological Activity of Enantiomers of Retro‐1 as Potent Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Hajer Abdelkafi Dr. Aurélien Michau Alexandra Clerget David‐Alexandre Buisson Dr. Ludger Johannes Prof. Daniel Gillet Dr. Julien Barbier Dr. Jean‐Christophe Cintrat 《ChemMedChem》2015,10(7):1153-1156
The Shiga toxin (Stx) family is composed of related protein toxins produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and certain pathogenic strains of E. coli. No effective therapies for Stx intoxication have been developed yet. However, inhibitors that act on the intracellular trafficking of these toxins may provide new options for the development of therapeutic strategies. This study reports the synthesis, chromatographic separation, and pharmacological evaluation of the two enantiomers of Retro‐1, a compound active against Stx and other such protein toxins. Retro‐1 works by inhibiting retrograde transport of these toxins inside cells. In vitro experiments proved that the configuration of the stereocenter at position 5 is not crucial for the activity of this compound. X‐ray diffraction data revealed (S)‐Retro‐1 to be slightly more active than (R)‐Retro‐1. 相似文献
83.
Structural Determinants of the Selectivity of 3‐Benzyluracil‐1‐acetic Acids toward Human Enzymes Aldose Reductase and AKR1B10 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Francesc X. Ruiz Alexandra Cousido‐Siah Dr. Sergio Porté Dr. Marta Domínguez Isidro Crespo Chris Rechlin Dr. André Mitschler Prof. Dr. Ángel R. de Lera Dr. María Jesús Martín Dr. Jesús Ángel de la Fuente Prof. Dr. Gerhard Klebe Prof. Dr. Xavier Parés Prof. Dr. Jaume Farrés Dr. Alberto Podjarny 《ChemMedChem》2015,10(12):1989-2003
The human enzymes aldose reductase (AR) and AKR1B10 have been thoroughly explored in terms of their roles in diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this study we identified two new lead compounds, 2‐(3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrobenzyl)‐2,4‐dioxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐1(2H)‐yl)acetic acid (JF0048, 3 ) and 2‐(2,4‐dioxo‐3‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrabromo‐6‐methoxybenzyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐1(2H)‐yl)acetic acid (JF0049, 4 ), which selectively target these enzymes. Although 3 and 4 share the 3‐benzyluracil‐1‐acetic acid scaffold, they have different substituents in their aryl moieties. Inhibition studies along with thermodynamic and structural characterizations of both enzymes revealed that the chloronitrobenzyl moiety of compound 3 can open the AR specificity pocket but not that of the AKR1B10 cognate. In contrast, the larger atoms at the ortho and/or meta positions of compound 4 prevent the AR specificity pocket from opening due to steric hindrance and provide a tighter fit to the AKR1B10 inhibitor binding pocket, probably enhanced by the displacement of a disordered water molecule trapped in a hydrophobic subpocket, creating an enthalpic signature. Furthermore, this selectivity also occurs in the cell, which enables the development of a more efficient drug design strategy: compound 3 prevents sorbitol accumulation in human retinal ARPE‐19 cells, whereas 4 stops proliferation in human lung cancer NCI‐H460 cells. 相似文献
84.
Alexandra L. Carabat Sybrand van der Zwaag Willem G. Sloof 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(8):2609-2616
Alumina encapsulated molybdenum silicide (MoSi2) intermetallic particles were synthesized using a simple precipitation method followed by calcining at temperatures of 800°C–1000°C, to prevent the premature oxidation of MoSi2 at high temperatures. The shell composition and the influence of the calcining temperature on microcapsule integrity were investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the composition and the mechanical stability of the alumina shell can be tuned by the annealing temperature. After calcining at 800°C and 850°C the alumina shell remains intact. Calcining at higher temperature promotes the formation of mullite, which leads to cracking of the shell. However, when annealed at 1000°C for 24 h these cracks were filled with mullite and preserved the molybdenum silicide particles. Furthermore, the mechanical stability of the shell was improved by applying an intermediate calcining treatment at 450°C prior to the annealing process at 1000°C. 相似文献
85.
Tae-Jin Park Mark J. Davis Paula Vullo Tina M. Nenoff James L. Krumhansl Alexandra Navrotsky 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(9):2053-2058
Barium titanosilicates are possible oxide forms for the immobilization of short-lived fission products in radioactive waste. Ba2 TiSi2 O8 (fresnoite) and BaTiSiO5 (Ba-titanite) samples were prepared by a solid-state synthesis. The enthalpies of formation of Ba2 TiSi2 O8 crystal and glass at 25°C and of BaTiSiO5 glass were obtained from drop solution calorimetry in a molten lead borate (2PbO–B2 O3 ) solvent at 701°C. The enthalpy of formation for fresnoite composition samples from constituent oxides was exothermic and became more exothermic with increasing crystallinity. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the crystallization rate of the fresnoite glasses increased with increasing devitrification. A modified Product Consistency Test-Procedure B (PCT-B) was used to collect solubility data on the fresnoite and titanate phases. The tests suggest that both glassy and crystalline fresnoite exhibit favorable aqueous stability and should be explored further as radioactive waste forms for long-term storage. 相似文献
86.
Syndiotactic poly(p-fluoro-styrene) (s-PPFS) has been prepared with a polymerization procedure which allows reaching high average molecular masses and satisfactory yields. The polymorphic behavior of the polymer has been mainly studied by X-ray diffraction, calorimetric and infrared analyses. The main crystalline phase of s-PPFS, obtained by melt processing or cold-crystallization, exhibits trans-planar chains, is orthorhombic (a = 9.5 Å, b = 28.7 Å, c = 5.1 Å) and melts at nearly 320 °C. The X-ray analysis shows a strict analogy of this orthorhombic phase with the β phase of s-PS, also as for the occurrence of two limit ordered (β″) and disordered (β′) modifications, which differ for the intensity of reflections characterized by h + k = 2n + 1. A metastable crystalline phase, also exhibiting trans-planar chains, has been observed for as-polymerized samples as well as for amorphous samples crystallized by sorption of toluene or 1,4-difluoro-benzene. Mainly on the basis of solvent sorption and desorption experiments, it is suggested that this metastable phase is a co-crystalline phase with the low-molecular-mass guest molecules. 相似文献
87.
The microphase segregation of different poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)-b-poly(iso-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), PCH-b-PiBA-b-PCH, triblock copolymers obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization has been evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis through location of the two relaxations ascribed to cooperative motions of each block. Additionally, other secondary relaxations have been found, whose characteristics are also dependent on molecular weight of outer and rigid segments. The length of these hard blocks influences significantly the stiffness and microhardness found in these triblock copolymers. These two mechanical parameters increase as molecular weight of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) does. The morphological aspects have been examined by small angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. 相似文献
88.
Haris Doukas Alexandra G. Papadopoulou Christos Nychtis John Psarras Nicole van Beeck 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2009,13(3):682-688
The European Union (EU) from the beginning of 2007 has focused its emphasis on the development of a new policy that puts energy back at the heart of EU action. Indeed, it has very often been stated that the difficulty and complexity of achieving green energy targets in the EU will require strengthened measures to promote implementation of new energy technologies (NET), as well as measures to support the related energy Research and Technology Development (R&TD). Often forgotten is the fact, that most of all, a European-wide co-ordinated forum is needed to continuously develop and sophisticate the monitoring and methodology results, bringing together specialised statisticians, energy researchers and experts on energy socio-economics. Today a nebulous picture prevails on the existence of categorized data with regards to energy Research and Technology Development (R&TD) expenditure. In this context, aim of this paper is the presentation of energy R&TD data collection strategies, as well as the related findings for the Greek energy market. 相似文献
89.
Research has supported the existence of distinct behavioral patterns, demographic correlates, and etiologic mechanisms for aggressive (AGG) versus nonaggressive but delinquent (DEL) antisocial behavior. Though behavioral genetic studies have the potential to further crystallize these dimensions, inconsistent results have limited their contribution. These inconsistencies may stem in part from the limited attention paid to the impact of age. In the current study, the authors thus examined age-related etiological moderation of AGG and DEL antisocial behavior in a sample of 720 sibling pairs (ranging in age from 10 to 18 years) with varying degrees of genetic relatedness. Results reveal that the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on AGG remained stable across adolescence. By contrast, genetic influences on DEL increased dramatically with age, whereas shared environmental influences decreased. Subsequent longitudinal analyses fully replicated these results. Such findings highlight etiological distinctions between aggression and delinquency, and offer insights into the expression of genetic influences during development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
90.
Raichenko Alexander I. Byakova Alexandra V. 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2002,41(1-2):90-96
A theory is presented that includes capillary, hydrodynamic, and diffusion aspects. The main attention is devoted to capillary and hydrodynamic effects. The hydrodynamic process (bubble growth) is governed by a nonlinear integrodifferential equation, whose coefficients are dependent on the surface tension, density, and viscosity of the liquid, and also on the difference between the pressure in the gas within the bubble and that in the surrounding liquid. The gas pressure in the bubble is dependent on the rate of gas release from the inclusion (source). An expression is derived for the bubble radius as a function of time. The theory can be useful for developing the technology of powder materials and foam metals. 相似文献