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51.
Iris recognition has been widely used in several scenarios with very satisfactory results. As it is one of the earliest stages, the image segmentation is in the basis of the process and plays a crucial role in the success of the recognition task. In this paper we analyze the relationship between the accuracy of the iris segmentation process and the error rates of three typical iris recognition methods. We selected 5000 images of the UBIRIS, CASIA and ICE databases that the used segmentation algorithm can accurately segment and artificially simulated four types of segmentation inaccuracies. The obtained results allowed us to conclude about a strong relationship between translational segmentation inaccuracies – that lead to errors in phase – and the recognition error rates. 相似文献
52.
Alexander I. Iliev Michael S. Scordilis João P. Papa Alexandre X. Falcão 《Computer Speech and Language》2010,24(3):445-460
A new method for the recognition of spoken emotions is presented based on features of the glottal airflow signal. Its effectiveness is tested on the new optimum path classifier (OPF) as well as on six other previously established classification methods that included the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks – multi layer perceptron (ANN-MLP), k-nearest neighbor rule (k-NN), Bayesian classifier (BC) and the C4.5 decision tree. The speech database used in this work was collected in an anechoic environment with ten speakers (5 M and 5 F) each speaking ten sentences in four different emotions: Happy, Angry, Sad, and Neutral. The glottal waveform was extracted from fluent speech via inverse filtering. The investigated features included the glottal symmetry and MFCC vectors of various lengths both for the glottal and the corresponding speech signal. Experimental results indicate that best performance is obtained for the glottal-only features with SVM and OPF generally providing the highest recognition rates, while for GMM or the combination of glottal and speech features performance was relatively inferior. For this text dependent, multi speaker task the top performing classifiers achieved perfect recognition rates for the case of 6th order glottal MFCCs. 相似文献
53.
An implicit tenet of modern search heuristics is that there is a mutually exclusive balance between two desirable goals: search
diversity (or distribution), i.e., search through a maximum number of distinct areas, and, search intensity, i.e., a maximum
search exploitation within each specific area. We claim that the hypothesis that these goals are mutually exclusive is false
in parallel systems. We argue that it is possible to devise methods that exhibit high search intensity and high search diversity
during the whole algorithmic execution. It is considered how distance metrics, i.e., functions for measuring diversity (given
by the minimum number of local search steps between two solutions) and coordination policies, i.e., mechanisms for directing
and redirecting search processes based on the information acquired by the distance metrics, can be used together to integrate
a framework for the development of advanced collective search methods that present such desiderata of search intensity and
search diversity under simultaneous coexistence. The presented model also avoids the undesirable occurrence of a problem we
refer to as the ‘ergometric bike phenomenon’. Finally, this work is one of the very few analysis accomplished on a level of
meta-meta-heuristics, because all arguments are independent of specific problems handled (such as scheduling, planning, etc.),
of specific solution methods (such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, etc.) and of specific neighborhood
or genetic operators (2-opt, crossover, etc.). 相似文献
54.
When numerical CSPs are used to solve systems of n equations with n variables, the preconditioned interval Newton operator plays two key roles: First it allows handling the n equations as a global constraint, hence achieving a powerful contraction. Second it can prove rigorously the existence of
solutions. However, none of these advantages can be used for under-constrained systems of equations, which have manifolds
of solutions. A new framework is proposed in this paper to extend the advantages of the preconditioned interval Newton to
under-constrained systems of equations. This is achieved simply by allowing domains of the NCSP to be parallelepipeds, which
generalize the boxes usually used as domains. 相似文献
55.
Alexandre M. AmoryAuthor Vitae Cristiano LazzariAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing》2011,71(5):675-686
Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) can be used for test data transportation during manufacturing tests. On one hand, NoC can avoid dedicated Test Access Mechanisms (TAMs), reducing long global wires, and potentially simplifying the layout. On the other hand, (a) it is not known how much wiring is saved by reusing NoCs as TAMs, (b) the impact of reuse-based approaches on test time is not clear, and (c) a computer aided test tool must be able to support different types of NoC designs. This paper presents a test environment where the designer can quickly evaluate wiring and test time for different test architectures. Moreover, this paper presents a new test scheduling algorithm for NoC TAMs which does not require any NoC timing detail and it can easily model NoCs of different topologies. The experimental results evaluate the proposed algorithm for NoC TAMs with an exiting algorithm for dedicated TAMs. The results demonstrate that, on average, 24% (up to 58%) of the total global wires can be eliminated if dedicated TAMs are not used. Considering the reduced amount of dedicated test resources with NoC TAM, the test time of NoC TAM is only, on average, 3.88% longer compared to dedicated TAMs. 相似文献
56.
A simple expression for a lower bound of Fisher information is derived for a network of recurrently connected spiking neurons that have been driven to a noise-perturbed steady state. We call this lower bound linear Fisher information, as it corresponds to the Fisher information that can be recovered by a locally optimal linear estimator. Unlike recent similar calculations, the approach used here includes the effects of nonlinear gain functions and correlated input noise and yields a surprisingly simple and intuitive expression that offers substantial insight into the sources of information degradation across successive layers of a neural network. Here, this expression is used to (1) compute the optimal (i.e., information-maximizing) firing rate of a neuron, (2) demonstrate why sharpening tuning curves by either thresholding or the action of recurrent connectivity is generally a bad idea, (3) show how a single cortical expansion is sufficient to instantiate a redundant population code that can propagate across multiple cortical layers with minimal information loss, and (4) show that optimal recurrent connectivity strongly depends on the covariance structure of the inputs to the network. 相似文献
57.
Context
Input/output transition system (IOTS) models are commonly used when next input can arrive even before outputs are produced. The interaction between the tester and an implementation under test (IUT) is usually assumed to be synchronous. However, as the IUT can produce outputs at any moment, the tester should be prepared to accept all outputs from the IUT, or else be able to block (refuse) outputs of the implementation. Testing distributed, remote applications under the assumptions that communication is synchronous and actions can be blocked is unrealistic, since synchronous communication for such applications can only be achieved if special protocols are used. In this context, asynchronous tests can be more appropriate, reflecting the underlying test architecture which includes queues.Objective
In this paper, we investigate the problem of constructing test cases for given test purposes and specification input/output transition systems, when the communication between the tester and the implementation under test is assumed to be asynchronous, performed via multiple queues.Method
When issuing verdicts, asynchronous tests should take into account a distortion caused by the queues in the observed interactions. First, we investigate how the test purpose can be transformed to account for this distortion when there are a single input queue and a single output queue. Then, we consider a more general problem, when there may be multiple queues.Results
We propose an algorithm which constructs a sound test case, by transforming the test purpose prior to composing it with the specification without queues.Conclusion
The proposed algorithm mitigates the state explosion problem which usually occurs when queues are directly involved in the composition. Experimental results confirm the resulting state space reduction. 相似文献58.
Marina Z.O. Coluci Neusa M.C. Alexandre John Rosecrance 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2009,39(6):995-1001
Musculoskeletal disorders are an important cause of work disability and absenteeism. Specific job factors or tasks may increase the likelihood of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of the present study was to translate and adapt a Job Factors Questionnaire for the Brazilian–Portuguese language and evaluate its psychometric properties. A cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to an internationally recommended methodology involving translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by an expert committee, and pre-testing. The psychometric properties were evaluated by administering the questionnaire to 148 employees at two companies involved in the assembly and fabrication of metal products. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by measuring the temporal stability through a test–retest design. Construct validity was assessed using the known-groups technique and by comparing workers responses with findings from the Nordic Questionnaire. Reliability was determined to be satisfactory based on Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.73. Construct validity analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p ≤ 0.02) between production and office workers on answers to 10 questionnaire items, and a significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) on the scores of the adapted questionnaire between subjects that indicated presence or absence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The results indicated that the adapted version of the questionnaire had psychometric properties that were acceptable for use in occupational studies involving workers that speak Brazilian–Portuguese.
Relevance to industry
The present study provides results of a cross-cultural adaptation process and a psychometric properties analysis of an instrument that verifies workers' perception of job factors that may lead to work-related pain and discomfort. 相似文献59.
60.