Linked interpolation for Reissner-Mindlin plate elements: Part I—A simple quadrilateral

In most plate elements using the Reissner-Mindlin assumptions, the interpolations used for the lateral displacements (w) and the rotation (θ) involve the independent representation of each variable by its nodal values, usually with identical interpolations. To ensure a higher order of expansion for displacement w its representation is linked in the present paper with both sets of nodal variables. Conditions necessary for the use of such expansions are established here and the paper shows the development of a linear quadrilateral element (Q4BL) whose performance and robustness are good (although it possesses one singularity if only three degrees of freedom are prescribed). In Part II we apply the identical formulation to develop a triangular element (T3BL) which performs equally well and is fully robust.     

Accident management strategy in Sweden — implementation and verification

A comprehensive program for severe accident mitigation was completed in Sweden by the end of 1988. As described in this paper, this program included plant modifications such as the introduction of filtered containment venting, and an accident management system comprising emergency operating strategies and procedures, training and emergency drills. The accident management system at Vattenfall has been further developed since 1988 and some results and experience from this development are reported in this paper. The main aspects covered concern the emergency organization and the supporting tools developed for use by the emergency response teams, the radiological implications such as accessibility to various locations and the long-term aspects of accident management.     

Pratfalls in moderator research.

Considers that studies attempting to improve prediction by identifying and using moderator variables frequently incorporate methodological difficulties which could easily affect the accuracy of their conclusions. Several pitfalls are described that have appeared in published investigations: misuse of regression equation, residual scores, and validity coefficients, as well as failure to perform a complete evaluation of the moderators' actual contribution to prediction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design and performance of mid-ranging controllers

Mid-ranging control applications are multivariate and often involve input constraints. Although some strategies have been reported to work well in industry, no systematic comparison has ever been made. The purpose of this report is to compare these schemes to a model-based predictive control (MPC) approach designed specifically for constrained multivariable control problems. The results indicate that although there are special cases where the existing schemes work reasonably well, MPC is best able to solve the problem in the general case.     

Taylor-Russell tables for dichotomous criterion variables.

Considers that the widely used tables of H. Taylor and T. Russell (see pa, vol. 14:1111) for evaluating the usefulness of selection tests are inappropriate for evaluating predictors used to discriminate discrete normally distributed criterion groups where a point-biserial correlation coefficient is the proper index of validity. A set of tables is presented, similar to the taylor-russell tables, for evaluating the usefulness of selection tests where the assumptions require point-biserial validity coefficients. A graphic illustration of the rationale for developing the tables is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Innovation and the Post‐Original: On Moral Stances and Reproduction

This article represents an inquiry into the ontology of innovation, that is, the foundational issues of innovation and how we conceive of the nature of innovation and creativity. By juxtaposing the notions of novelty and copying, the article introduces the concept of ‘post‐originality’ as a way to understand how time and reproductive acts can be understood in relation to the innovative. Looking at how innovation and creativity are hailed as the highest forms of economic action, while copying and derivation have often been viewed as somewhat lesser forms, the article thus discusses how moralizations affect the way in which we view the economic. Specifically building on the works of German polymath Walter Benjamin and his theories of time, ruin and redemption, the article connects with the philosophy of history, and by way of three mini‐cases, presents three tentative modes of the post‐original (derivation, knock‐offs and remixes), showing how these can each in their own way raise interesting issues regarding the role of copying in creating the new. We end with a reflection on the notion of the event in innovation, inspired by the French philosopher Alain Badiou and his engagement with the truth of the event.     

Aggregation pheromone components of two species ofPissodes weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Isolation,identification, and field activity

Two related volatile compounds were identified from each of two species ofPissodes bark weevils and implicated as components of their aggregation pheromones. Grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol), and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were isolated from males of bothP. strobi andP. approximatus and were found in the abdomens and hindguts of the respective species. In field tests synthetic grandisol and grandisal together with odors from cut pine acted synergistically in attracting both sexes ofP. approximatus. This response was similar to that elicited by maleP. approximatus feeding on cut pine. Males and females of natural populations ofP. strobi were more responsive to caged males feeding on leaders of white pine than they were to leaders alone. The combination of grandisol, grandisal, and leaders was less attractive than males on leaders, but more attractive than leaders alone. From isolation of pheromone components at different times of the year, it was determined that males of both species produced grandisol and grandisal only at times when cohort females were reproductively mature.     

Bending properties of creased zones of paperboard related to interlaminar defects

A parallel beam model is presented for the bending behaviour of locally delaminated zones (creased zones) of paperboard. It is shown that the bending moment and the force levels are strongly dependent on the geometry and elastic properties of the creased zone. A favourable condition for low crease stiffness is a large number of long interlaminar failures. Experimental measurements of the crease stiffness and maximum bending moment for paperboards with implanted defects of various lengths and numbers were in reasonably good agreement with the crease stiffness predicted by the parallel beam model.     

Increase in the vascular residence time of propranolol-loaded nanoparticles coated with heparin

Propranolol-HCI incorporated nanoparticles prepared with a blend of a polyester and a polycationic polymer and coated or not with a low molecular weight heparin by electrostatic interactions were prepared by emulsification followed by solvent evaporation. The mean diameter was 388 and 357 nm for coated and uncoated nanoparticles, respectively, and the entrapment efficiency ranged from 20 to 32%. Coated nanoparticles were negatively-charged, whereas uncoated nanoparticles displayed a positive zeta potential (+30 mV). After intravenous administration to rabbits of propranolol-HCI solution and propranolol-loaded nanoparticles coated or not with heparin, pharmacokinetic data revealed that coated nanoparticles exhibited a prolonged blood residence time. It can be concluded that the hydrophilic layer of heparin at the surface of nanoparticles conferred stealth properties which probably reduce the phagocytosis process and avoid immediate uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system.