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排序方式: 共有955条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Successful massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) have today millions of registered users and hundreds of thousands of active concurrent players. To be able to guarantee quality of service (QoS) to a highly variable number of concurrent users, game operators statically over-provision a large infrastructure capable of sustaining the game peak load, even though a large portion of the resources is unused most of the time. To address this problem, we introduce in this work a new MMOG ecosystem for hosting and provisioning of MMOGs which effectively splits the traditional monolithic MMOG companies into three main service providers: game providers, game operators, and resource providers. Their interaction is regulated through comprehensive service level agreements (SLA) that establish the price, terms of operation, and compensation for service violations. In our model, game operators efficiently provision resources for MMOGs from multiple cloud providers, based on dynamic load forecasts, and ensure proper game operation that maintains the required QoS to all clients under varying resource availability. Game providers manage multiple distributed MMOGs for which they lease services under strict operational SLAs from game operators to satisfy all client requests. These three self-standing, smaller, more agile service providers enable access to the MMOG market for the small and medium enterprises, and to the current commercial cloud providers. We evaluate, through simulations based on real-life MMOG traces and commercial cloud SLAs, the impact of resource availability on the QoS offered to the MMOG clients. We find that our model can mitigate the negative effects of resource failures within four minutes and that MMOG server consolidation can accentuate the negative effects of failures in a resource-scarce environment. We further investigate different methods of ranking MMOG operational offers with either single or multiple (competing) MMOG providers. Our results show that compensations for SLA faults in the offer selection process can lead up to 11–16 % gain in the game providers’ income. We also demonstrate that adequate ranking of offers can lead to MMOG operational cost reductions from 20 up to 60 %. 相似文献
72.
Alina C Ion Ion Ion Alina Culetu Dragos Gherase Carmen A. Moldovan Rodica Iosub Adrian Dinescu 《Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications》2010,30(6):817-821
A sensitive biosensor for chloropyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide, was developed by immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through covalent bonding to an oxidized exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnPs)–chitosan cross-linked composite. Because of the increased surface area and the conductive properties of the nanomaterial, AChE developed a high affinity for acetylthiocholine (ATCI) and formed thiocholine with a fast response. The response of the sensor was a linear function of ATCI concentration in two segments, one from 0.005 to 0.039 mM and the second from 0.064 mM to 0.258 mM. The corresponding equation for the first range was ip(A) = 2.26 × 10? 5c + 4.39 × 10? 7 (R2 = 0.992) and the equation for the second was ip(A) = 6.80 × 10? 6c + 1.30 × 10? 6 (R2 = 1.000), with a detection limit of 1.58 × 10? 10 M. The fabrication of the sensor was simple, the response was fast and the stability acceptable. This sensor has many potential applications, the foremost being in organophosphorus pesticides. 相似文献
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Saad MM Baxter P McAneney J Lookman A Sinnamon LJ Evans P Schilling A Adams T Zhu X Pollard RJ Bowman RM Gregg JM Jung DJ Morrison FD Scott JF 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2006,53(12):2208-2225
A series of experiments has been undertaken to understand more about the fundamental origin of the thickness-induced permittivity collapse often observed in conventional thin film ferroelectric heterostructures. The various experiments are discussed, highlighting the eventual need to examine permittivity collapse in thin film single crystal material. It has been seen that dielectric collapse is not a direct consequence of reduced size, and neither is it a consequence of unavoidable physics associated with the ferroelectric-electrode boundary. Research on three-dimensional shape-constrained ferroelectrics, emphasizing self-assembled structures based on nanoporous alumina templates and on FIB-milled single crystals, is also presented, and appears to represent an exciting area for ongoing research. 相似文献
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V. V. Avdeev E. T. Il'in S. G. Ionov G. V. Bozhko O. V. Gusak V. D. Prodan 《Chemical and Petroleum Engineering》2005,41(9-10):485-491
Research data for five types of gland packings are reported. Relationships are shown with due regard for the number of loadings and the number of packing layers: relative deformation of the packing due to unit load, unit load on the packing due to its relative deformation, and compression and recovery modulus arising from relative deformation of the packing. 相似文献
80.
Mihailescu M Scarlat M Gheorghiu A Costescu J Kusko M Paun IA Scarlat E 《Applied optics》2011,50(20):3589-3597
This paper presents our method, which simultaneously combines automatic imaging, identification, and counting with the acquisition of morphological information for at least 1000 blood cells from several three-dimensional images of the same sample. We started with seeking parameters to differentiate between red blood cells that are similar but different with respect to their development stage, i.e., mature or immature. We highlight that these cells have different diffractive patterns with complementary central intensity distribution in a given plane along the propagation axis. We use the Fresnel approximation to simulate propagation through cells modeled as spheroid-shaped phase objects and to find the cell property that has the dominant influence on this behavior. Starting with images obtained in the reconstruction step of the digital holographic microscopy technique, we developed a code for automated simultaneous individual cell image separation, identification, and counting, even when the cells are partially overlapped on a slide, and accurate measuring of their morphological features. To find the centroids of each cell, we propose a method based on analytical functions applied at threshold intervals. Our procedure separates the mature from the immature red blood cells and from the white blood cells through a decision based on gradient and radius values. 相似文献