Trinary magnitude comparator using SLM based Savart plate

The demand of present technology inviting the popularity of multivalued optical computation system to coup up with the latest scenario of ultrahigh processing speed and handling large amount of data The magnitude comparator is the heart of the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) in any logical processing and computing system. In this paper, a trinary magnitude comparator circuit has been proposed and implemented with modified trinary number (MTN) system. Optical tree architecture (OTA) of the proposed circuit has been realized reasonably using Savart plate and spatial light modulators (SLM). A simulation algorithm has also been developed and implemented to prove the authenticity of the proposed circuit through the simulation.     

Aged garlic extract ameliorates the oxidative stress,histomorphological, and ultrastructural changes of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in adult male rats

Aim: Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural dietary substance having different antioxidant free‐radical‐scavenger compounds that ameliorates the toxicity of the oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGE on cisplatin (CP)‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four, adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups namely control, AGE‐treated (a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg/day for 21 days), CP‐treated (a single intraperitoneal dose of 7.5 mg/kg on Day 16), and AGE + CP‐treated (AGE at a dose of 250 mg/kg/once daily for 21 days and a single dose of CP of 7.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on Day 16). Body weight and absolute and relative kidney weights of each rat were calculated. Serum creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels were determined. Level of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase of renal tissues were measured. Renal specimens from each rat were prepared for both light and electron microscopic examinations. Results: Interstitial cell infiltration, hemorrhage, glomerular atrophy, necrosis, and tubular degeneration were observed after CP treatment. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione level were significantly decreased and malondialdehyde level was significantly increased in CP‐treated rats compared with AGE + CP‐treated animals. A remarkable improvement in the histopathological and ultrastructural changes induced by CP in renal tissues was observed in AGE + CP‐treated rats. Conclusion: AGE exhibited antioxidant effect that could ameliorate the nephrotoxic effects of CP. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:452–461, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Solvent refining of heavy wax distillate for the removal of carcinogenic compounds

Neat ethylacetoacetate (EAA) and its mixtures with a co-solvent and an anti-solvent have been studied for refining of heavy wax distillate fraction to produce substantially non-carcinogenic base oil. The co-solvent and anti-solvent used are dipropylene glycol (DPG) and ethylene glycol (EG) respectively. The solubility characteristics of the main solvent and its mixed solvent systems were studied. Selection of the optimum solvent mixture and extraction variables has been studied. The effect of co-solvent and anti-solvent addition on the carcinogenic potential and raffinate quality has been determined under clearly comparable conditions.     

Dielectric and Magnetodielectric Properties of R2NiMnO6 (R = Nd,Eu, Gd,Dy, and Y)

We have prepared polycrystalline R₂NiMnO₆ (R = Nd, Eu, Gd, Dy, and Y) samples by conventional solid‐state reaction and all the samples have shown monoclinic structure with P2₁/n space group. With the decrease in rare‐earth ionic size (<r_R>), the <Ni–O–Mn> bond angle decreases, correspondingly a decrease in ferromagnetic (FM) Curie temperature is noticed. In the dielectric measurement, the dielectric anomaly shifts to high temperature with the decrease in the <r_R> and shows no correlation with the FM Curie temperature and hints the absence of apparent magnetodielectric (MD) coupling. Appearance of multiple relaxations in the dielectric study suggests the electrical heterogeneity of the system. The dielectric/impedance analysis has revealed a close correlation between dc conductivity and the dielectrics; in fact, both dc resistivity and the grain relaxations follow the variable range hopping mechanism. The thermal activation of charge carriers at the grain boundary led to Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization. Finally, dielectric study under magnetic field showed no effect, it implies that not only the intrinsic MD is absent, but also the extrinsic MD due to the lack of magnetoresistance.     

Ferrocene-Based Cationic Surfactants: Surface and Antimicrobial Properties

A novel series of ferrocenyl surfactants was synthesized by the reaction of ferrocene disulfonic acid with different primary and tertiary fatty amines to produce the corresponding ammonium salts Fc[SO₃ ^{− +}NH₃(CH₂) _n CH₃]₂, where n = 9, 11, or 15 and Fc[SO₃^{− +}NH(CH₃)₂(CH₂) _n CH₃]₂, where n = 7 or 11, respectively, and where Fc = ferrocene. Chemical structures were confirmed by microelemental analysis, FTIR, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The critical micelle concentration of each prepared surfactant was determined using equilibrium surface tension. Furthermore, air/water interface parameters including effectiveness (π _CMC), efficiency (Pc₂₀), maximum surface excess (Г_max), and minimum surface area (A _min) were determined at 30, 40, and 50 °C. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH°) for both micellization and adsorption processes were recorded. The new synthesized surfactants were screened as antimicrobial agents against different bacterial and fungal organisms.     

Optimal Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine Based Arabic Corpus Classification Model

Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the Arabic language has gained much significance in recent years. The most commonly-utilized NLP task is the ‘Text Classification’ process. Its main intention is to apply the Machine Learning (ML) approaches for automatically classifying the textual files into one or more pre-defined categories. In ML approaches, the first and foremost crucial step is identifying an appropriate large dataset to test and train the method. One of the trending ML techniques, i.e., Deep Learning (DL) technique needs huge volumes of different types of datasets for training to yield the best outcomes. The current study designs a new Dice Optimization with a Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine-based Arabic Corpus Classification (DODHBM-ACC) model in this background. The presented DODHBM-ACC model primarily relies upon different stages of pre-processing and the word2vec word embedding process. For Arabic text classification, the DHBM technique is utilized. This technique is a hybrid version of the Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) and Deep Belief Network (DBN). It has the advantage of learning the decisive intention of the classification process. To adjust the hyperparameters of the DHBM technique, the Dice Optimization Algorithm (DOA) is exploited in this study. The experimental analysis was conducted to establish the superior performance of the proposed DODHBM-ACC model. The outcomes inferred the better performance of the proposed DODHBM-ACC model over other recent approaches.