[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]离子液体在高酸值餐饮废油制备生物柴油中的应用

以高酸值餐饮废油为原料,以自制的酸性离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]和氢氧化钠为催化剂,采用两步法催化制备生物柴油.利用正交表L25(56),选取4因素5水平对离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]对降低餐饮废油酸值的催化活性进行正交实验,并研究了离子液体的重复使用性能.结果表明,离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]对降低餐饮废油的酸值具有很强的催化活性,可重复使用4～5次.最佳降酸值条件:醇/油摩尔比8:1,离子液体用量1.0%(质量分数),反应温度70℃,反应时间120min.在该条件下,餐饮废油的酸值从33.25降低到0.45 mgKOH/g.以氢氧化钠催化降低酸值后的餐饮废油,生物柴油产率可达96.4%.     

类金刚石薄膜的Raman光谱分析及红外光谱特性

用酒精和氢气的混合气体为工作气体 ,在不同的酒精浓度下 (1 0 % ,1 5% ,2 0 % )下利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在较低温度下 (450～ 50 0℃ )以单晶硅为衬底制备出类金刚石薄膜样品。 Raman光谱分析了酒精浓度对薄膜中金刚石成份的含量的影响。红外光谱分析表明薄膜的红外光透过率与薄膜的表面形貌、薄膜结构有关。酒精浓度为 1 0 %时得到的金刚石薄膜的红外光透过率最高 ,达到 62～ 72 % ,同时透过率曲线因薄膜干涉而引起的振荡也最为显著。     

Antibody Therapies Targeting Complex Membrane Proteins

In analyses of protein families that may serve as drug targets, membrane-associated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) dominate, followed by ion channels, transporters, and—to a lesser extent—membrane-bound enzymes. However, various challenges put such membrane proteins among key groups of underutilized opportunities for the application of therapeutic antibodies. Antibodies hold the promise of exquisite specificity, as they are able to target even specific conformations of a particular membrane protein, as well as adaptability through engineering into various antibody formats. However, the ease of raising and isolating specific, effective antibodies targeting membrane proteins depends on many factors. In particular, the generation of specific antibodies is easier when targeting larger, simpler, extracellular domains with greater uniqueness of amino acid sequence. The rareness of such ideal conditions is illustrated by the limited number of approved biologics for targeting GPCRs and other complex membrane proteins. Challenges in developing antibodies to complex membrane proteins such as GPCRs, ion channels, transporters, and membrane-bound enzymes can be addressed by the design of the antigen, antibody-generation strategies, lead optimization technologies, and antibody modalities. A better understanding of the membrane proteins being targeted would facilitate mechanism-based drug discovery. This review describes the advantages and challenges of targeting complex membrane proteins with antibodies and discusses the preparation of membrane protein antigens and antibody generation, illustrated by select examples of success.     

金属切削液在轴承加工中的应用

着重介绍金属切削液的分类、功能及其在轴承加工中的选用。在轴承加工中,一般有车削、铣削、钻削、铰削和磨削等多种加工工艺,其中磨削加工是一道非常重要的精密加工工序,如内圆磨削、外圆磨削、平面磨削和沟槽磨削等。轴承加工中使用的水基切削液不仅要具有冷却作用,还要有润滑、清洗和防锈的功能。重点介绍金属切削液的主要功能及其在轴承加工中的应用。     

W-based versus latent variables spatial autoregressive models: evidence from Monte Carlo simulations

In this paper, we compare by means of Monte Carlo simulations two approaches to take spatial autocorrelation into account: the classical spatial autoregressive model and the structural equations model with latent variables. The former accounts for spatial dependence and spillover effects in georeferenced data by means of a spatial weights matrix W. The latter represents spatial dependence and spillover effects by means of a latent variable in the structural (regression) model while the observed spatially lagged variables are related to the latent spatial dependence variable in the measurement model. The simulation results based on Anselin’s Columbus, Ohio, crime data set show that the misspecified latent variables approach slightly trails the correctly specified classical approach in terms of bias and root mean squared error of the coefficient estimators.     

初中物理习题解决的数据驱动加工方式

通过分析认知加工理论的发展历程,认为物理习题解决属于数据驱动加工,而物理问题解决属于概念驱动加工.结合初中物理习题的解决,阐述了数据驱动加工的原理、分类及解题过程.     

Effect of Compression on the Crystallization Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Al86Ni9La5 Amorphous Alloy

The effect of compression on the crystallization behavior and corrosion resistance of Al(86)Ni9La5 amorphous ribbons was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemistry test. The XRD and TEM results reveal that the compressed Al(86)Ni9La5 ribbons spun with the circumferential speed (R) of 29.3 m/s are in fully amorphous state; however, the compressed ribbons spun with R=14.7 m/s have crystalline phases embedded in the amorphous matrix. The SEM images indicate that after compression, the toughness of the ribbons increases. Electrochemical results show that the compression decreases the stability of the passive film of the Al(86)Ni9La5 amorphous ribbons, because of the compression-introduced free volume, shear bands and crystalline phases; meanwhile, with R=14.7 m/s, the compression-induced crystalline phases in the Al(86)Ni9La5 ribbons increase the corrosion potential.     

Multiscale simulation of the dislocation emissions of single Ni crystal in nanoindentation

The simulation of nanoindentation into single nickel crystal is performed by using quasi continuum method. The strain energy-displacement and load-displacement curves are presented to study the mechanical behavior of the dislocation nucleation. The characteristics of the stacking fault and dislocation nucleation are determined by calculating the centro-symmetry parameters and analyzing the displacement field of the atoms beneath the indenter. The structure of the stacking fault and the characteristics of dislocation obtained in the simulation by quasicontinuum method are reproduced in the simulation by molecular dynamics.     

圆锥轴承保持器压坡工序测量方法的改进

通过对筐形保持架工艺路线和加工方法的分析,确定改进的测量方法能够满足产品质量的要求,对检验工作具有一定的指导意义。