两性霉素B补料分批发酵工艺优化

为大幅提高产两性霉素B菌株的发酵产抗水平,对外源性短链脂肪酸类前体物质及其添加时机、添加量进行优化,得到了两性霉素B补料分批发酵工艺,即在产两性霉素B菌株发酵培养24～56 h左右,一次性补入2～4 g·L~(-1)(以发酵液总量计)的丙酸钠。该工艺解决了两性霉素B生物合成途径中内酯环形成的关键性因素,大幅提高了产两性霉素B菌株的发酵产抗水平。经15 t生产罐验证,最终实现了连续3批平均放罐效价达10 977μg·mL~(-1)的发酵产抗水平,与采用原发酵工艺的生产罐批相比,放罐效价提高了39.4%。     

多孔阳极氧化铝表面的润湿性能

在10%体积分数的磷酸溶液中进行阳极氧化得到多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA),在PAA表面修饰低表面能物质得到疏水性良好的表面.研究了在不同的阳极氧化及后期工艺条件下,PAA表面润湿性能的变化.结果表明:该方法可以得到接触角为155°的超疏水表面;试样粗糙度对多孔阳极氧化铝的润湿性有影响,粗糙度越小,所得到的试样镀膜后的接触角越大;纳米孔的直径大小是影响多孔氧化铝膜润湿性的重要因素,在一定直径范围内(160～190 nm之间)的氧化膜疏水性最好;大于1.7 μm的膜厚即能调节表面润湿性,恒压或恒流状态对接触角的影响较小.     

西南民居穿销透榫节点抗弯性能研究

西南传统民居主要为榫卯连接的木结构,穿销透榫连接方式是其主要连接方式之一,为了研究西南地区木结构中的穿销透榫节点力学性能,以实际工程为例设计了两个足尺节点并进行节点弯曲的单调加载试验,获得节点的弯矩-转角曲线、拔榫量-转角曲线和弯矩-应变曲线,并观察节点的失效形态.研究发现穿销透榫节点在单调加载的情况下,其弯矩-转角曲线大致为弹性受力阶段、塑性发展阶段,节点破坏主要为木材的局部压缩导致节点变形过大而失去承载能力.在试验基础上,建立穿销透榫节点单调加载下的理论模型,推导出节点的理论公式,并运用有限元软件对节点单调加载抗弯性能进行数值模拟分析,将理论模型、试验数据和数值模拟进行比较,三者吻合度较好.     

大深度超大直径盾构盾尾受力性能探究

考虑盾尾壳体的初始几何缺陷及中空层合板构造,对超大直径(D14.0 m)盾构的盾尾在大深度水土压力下的力学性能进行建模分析。分别建立理想圆壳、缺陷圆壳、理想层合板和缺陷层合板4种结构分析模型,基于有限元计算,对4种模型的结果进行分析。对比发现:缺陷层合板模型在极限承载情况下最大变形为18.8 mm,最大等效应力达304 MPa,远超过理想圆壳模型的最大变形(3.6 mm)和最大等效应力(71.6 MPa),说明盾尾局部区域已发生塑性变形。因此,在超大直径盾构的盾尾设计时应考虑初始几何缺陷和中空层合板构造对盾尾变形和应力的放大效应。     

Mechanical Activation-Assisted Synthesis of Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3

Perovskite Pb(Fe_2/3W_1/3)O₃ (PFW) was prepared via a mechanical activation-assisted synthesis route from mixed oxides of PbO, Fe₂O₃, and WO₃. The mechanically activated oxide mixture, which exhibited a specific area of >10 m²/g, underwent phase conversion from nanocrystalline lead tungstate (PbWO₄) and pyrochlore (Pb₂FeWO_6.5) phases on sintering to yield perovskite PFW, although the formation of perovskite phase was not triggered by mechanical activation. When heated to 700°C, >98% perovskite phase was formed in the mechanically activated oxide mixture. The perovskite phase was sintered to a density of ∼99% of theoretical density at 870°C for 2 h. The sintered PFW exhibited a dielectric constant of 9800 at 10 kHz, which was ∼30% higher than that of the PFW derived from the oxide mixture that was not subjected to mechanical activation.     

Cobalt nanoparticle decorated N-doped carbons derived from a cobalt covalent organic framework for oxygen electrochemistry

The low cost and highly efficient construction of electrocatalysts has attracted significant attention owing to the use of clean and sustainable energy technologies. In this work, cobalt nanoparticle decorated N-doped carbons (Co@NC) are synthesized by the pyrolysis of a cobalt covalent organic framework under an inert atmosphere. The Co@NC demonstrates improved electrocatalytic capabilities compared to N-doped carbon without the addition of Co nanoparticles, indicating the important role of cobalt. The well-dispersed active sites (Co–N_x) and the synergistic effect between the carbon matrix and Co nanoparticles greatly enhance the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. In addition, the Co content has a significant effect on the catalytic activity. The resulting Co@NC-0.86 exhibits a superb electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline electrolyte in terms of the onset potential (0.90 V), half-wave potential (0.80 V) and the limiting current density (4.84 mA·cm^–2), and a high selectivity, as well as a strong methanol tolerance and superior durability, these results are comparable to those of the Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the superior bifunctional activity of Co@NC-0.86 was also confirmed in a home-built Zn-air battery, signifying the possibility for application in electrode materials and in current energy conversion and storage devices.     

耐低温橡胶的研究进展:分子结构设计与化学改性

综述了耐低温橡胶材料的研究进展,对比了天然橡胶、通用合成橡胶和特种合成橡胶的分子结构、耐低温性能及其影响因素,归纳了耐低温橡胶的改性方法,最后对耐低温橡胶材料今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

铝硅准二元玻璃硬度和抗碎裂性演化的结构起源

为探究准二元铝硅玻璃硬度和抗碎裂性随组分变化的结构起源,采用激光加热气动悬浮技术,制备了组分为xAl2O3·(100–x)SiO2(30≤x≤63,摩尔分数)的系列玻璃样品.利用显微维氏硬度仪对玻璃的硬度、抗碎裂性进行了详细表征.结果表明:随着Al2O3含量增加,玻璃硬度逐渐升高,于x=63时硬度最大(8.94 GPa...     

航空发动机钛合金压气机组件防钛火用阻燃可磨耗涂层研究进展

本文描述了钛合金在航空发动机的应用优势及出现的"钛火"问题,并介绍了解决"钛火"的方案,如阻燃钛合金、阻燃涂层及阻燃可磨耗涂层等。着重介绍了阻燃可磨耗涂层的技术研究现状,包括其涂层阻燃可磨耗性的评价标准以及阻燃可磨耗的相关机理研究。最后指出了在600～750℃区间应用的钛合金阻燃可磨耗涂层未来研究趋势和发展方向。