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51.
The development of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat is characterized by a rapid decrease in pH post-mortem and/or a low ultimate pH. We investigated some physiological properties of the live muscle (the glycogen content, the non-bicarbonate buffering capacity and 'resting pH'), which could influence both the decrease in pH and the ultimate pH. Measurements were performed on three halothane genotypes, hal(N)hal(N), hal(N)hal(n) and hal(n)hal(n), with their known predispositions for PSE meat. It was demonstrated that the glycogen content in both the groups of double recessive and heterozygous individuals was higher than the levels in the group of homozygous dominant pigs. No difference was found in non-bicarbonate buffering capacity between the groups. The groups with the highest glycogen levels also had the lowest 'resting pH' values. The results indicate that measurement of glycogen content in vivo may be superior to the halothane test in detecting PSE-prone individuals. The lower pH values of carriers of the hal(n) gene further indicate that the characteristic rapid decrease after slaughter may not be as fast as generally accepted, as even very low pH values can be observed in the muscles of live pigs. 相似文献
52.
Natalia Bellostas Jens C Sørensen Hilmer Sørensen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(8):1586-1594
Glucosinolates are amino acid derived allelochemicals present in all plants of the order Capparales. These compounds are degraded by myrosinase isoenzymes, releasing a series of biologically active products defined by the parent glucosinolate and the reaction conditions. Species within the Brassicaceae are found to differ in their glucosinolate profile and glucosinolate concentrations. Different tissues within a single plant also show such variations, which are further influenced by the growth stage and environmental conditions. In the experiments described in this paper, four Brassica species of the U‐triangle (B. carinata, B. nigra, B. juncea and B. rapa) were compared with respect to their glucosinolate profiles in roots, stems, leaves and reproductive organs at different developmental stages. The glucosinolate profile of corresponding ripe seeds was also determined. Prop‐2‐enylglucosinolate was identified as the major glucosinolate in the three mustards, where it represented over 90% of the total glucosinolate concentration of ripe seeds and over 50% of green tissues. The relative concentration of this glucosinolate increased in all tissues during plant growth. Brassica rapa showed a different glucosinolate profile than the three mustards, with higher concentrations of but‐3‐enylglucosinolate, 2‐hydroxybut‐3‐enylglucosinolate and 2‐hydroxypent‐4‐enylglucosinolate. The concentration of indol‐3‐ylmethylglucosinolates was also higher in B. rapa than in the mustard plants, with 4‐hydroxyglucobrassicin representing 30% of the total glucosinolate concentration in ripe seeds. The total glucosinolate concentration of the species studied varied with growth stage and the mustards achieved a maximum towards the end of the period monitored. Glucosinolate concentration decreased in roots and leaves but increased in reproductive tissues. The determined glucosinolate profiles are an initial step in assessing the biofumigation potential of these species of the Brassicaceae family. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
53.
Rasmussen IB Oynebråten I Høydahl LS Flobakk M Lunde E Michaelsen TE Bogen B Sandlie I 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2012,25(3):89-96
CD4+ T lymphocytes play a central role in the orchestration and maintenance of the adaptive immune response. Targeting of antigen to antigen presenting cells (APCs) increases peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and CD4+ T-cell activation. APCs have been targeted by APC-specific recombinant antibodies (rAbs) with single T-cell epitopes integrated in the constant region of the heavy chain (C(H)). However, the strategy may be improved if several T-cell epitopes could be delivered simultaneously by one rAb. We here demonstrate that a single rAb can be loaded with multiple identical or different T-cell epitopes, integrated as loops between β-strands in C(H) domains. One epitope was inserted in C(H)1, while two were placed in C(H)2 of IgG. T-cell proliferation assays showed that all three peptides were excised from loops and presented on MHC class II to T-cells. Induction of T-cell activation by each epitope in the multi-peptide rAb was as good, or even better, than that elicited by corresponding single-peptide rAbs. Furthermore, following DNA vaccination of mice with plasmids that encode CD40-specific rAbs loaded with either one or three peptides, T-cell responses were induced. Thus, integration of multiple epitopes in C(H) region loops of APC-specific rAbs is feasible and may be utilized in design of multi-vaccines. 相似文献
54.
The electrical conductivity and the compression of solutions of LiCl, KCl, and (CH3)4NCl have been measured as a function of pressure up to 2 kbar at the temperatures 25°, 35° and 45°C in the concentration range 0·1–1 molal. The results are discussed in terms of the transition state theory in relation to kinetic parameters for viscous flow and partial molal volume. 相似文献
55.
An integrated qualitative and quantitative modeling framework for computer‐assisted HAZOP studies 下载免费PDF全文
Jing Wu Laibin Zhang Jinqiu Hu Morten Lind Xinxin Zhang Sten Bay Jørgensen Gürkan Sin Niels Jensen 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2014,60(12):4150-4173
The article proposes a novel practical framework for computer‐assisted hazard and operability (HAZOP) that integrates qualitative reasoning about system function with quantitative dynamic simulation in order to facilitate detailed specific HAZOP analysis. The practical framework is demonstrated and validated on a case study concerning a three‐phase separation process. The multilevel flow modeling (MFM) methodology is used to represent the plant goals and functions. First, means‐end analysis is used to identify and formulate the intention of the process design in terms of components, functions, objectives, and goals on different abstraction levels. Based on this abstraction, qualitative functional models are constructed for the process. Next MFM‐specified causal rules are extended with systems specific features to enable proper reasoning. Finally, systematic HAZOP analysis is performed to identify safety critical operations, its causes and consequences. The outcome is a qualitative hazard analysis of selected process deviations from normal operations and their consequences as input to a traditional HAZOP table. The list of unacceptable high risk deviations identified by the qualitative HAZOP analysis is used as input for rigorous analysis and evaluation by the quantitative analysis part of the framework. To this end, dynamic first‐principles modeling is used to simulate the system behavior and thereby complement the results of the qualitative analysis part. The practical framework for computer‐assisted HAZOP studies introduced in this article allows the HAZOP team to devote more attention to high consequence hazards. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4150–4173, 2014 相似文献
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Dr. Umberto Maria Battisti Dr. Chunxia Gao Oscar Nilsson Dr. Fady Akladios Dr. Aleksei Lulla Dr. Agnieszka Bogucka Dr. Amalyn Nain-Perez Dr. Liliana Håversen Dr. Woonghee Kim Prof. Jan Boren Prof. Marko Hyvönen Prof. Mathias Uhlen Prof. Adil Mardinoglu Prof. Morten Grøtli 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2023,24(1):e202200339
Enzymes are effective biological catalysts that accelerate almost all metabolic reactions in living organisms. Synthetic modulators of enzymes are useful tools for the study of enzymatic reactions and can provide starting points for the design of new drugs. Here, we report on the discovery of a class of biologically active compounds that covalently modifies lysine residues in human liver pyruvate kinase (PKL), leading to allosteric activation of the enzyme (EC50=0.29 μM). Surprisingly, the allosteric activation control point resides on the lysine residue K282 present in the catalytic site of PKL. These findings were confirmed by structural data, MS/MS experiments, and molecular modelling studies. Altogether, our study provides a molecular basis for the activation mechanism and establishes a framework for further development of human liver pyruvate kinase covalent activators. 相似文献
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60.
Yukihiro Kusano Bent F. Sørensen Tom L. Andersen Frank Leipold 《The Journal of Adhesion》2013,89(6):433-459
A gliding arc is a plasma that can be operated at atmospheric pressure and applied for plasma surface treatment for adhesion improvement. In the present work, glass-fibre-reinforced polyester plates were treated using an atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge with an air flow to improve adhesion with a vinylester adhesive. The treatment improved wettability and increased the polar component of the surface energy and the density of oxygen-containing polar functional groups at the surfaces. Double cantilever beam specimens were prepared for fracture mechanics characterisation (fracture resistance as a function of nominal mode mixity) of the laminate adhesive interface. It was found that gliding arc treatment significantly increases the interfacial fracture energy and fracture resistance in comparison with a standard peel ply treatment, although the mixed mode fracture energy of the gliding arc treated specimen was not as high as that of the laminate itself. 相似文献