Mechanistic multidimensional analysis of horizontal two-phase flows

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of analysis of two-phase flow in horizontal tubes. Two flow situations have been considered: gas/liquid flow in a long straight pipe, and similar flow conditions in a pipe with 90° elbow. The theoretical approach utilizes a multifield modeling concept. A complete three-dimensional two-phase flow model has been implemented in a state-of-the-art computational multiphase fluid dynamics (CMFD) computer code, NPHASE. The overall model has been tested parametrically. Also, the results of NPHASE simulations have been compared against experimental data for a pipe with 90° elbow.     

Ala226 to Gly and Ser189 to Asp mutations convert rat chymotrypsin B to a trypsin-like protease

In a previous successful attempt to convert trypsin to a chymotrypsin-like protease, 15 residues of trypsin were replaced with the corresponding ones in chymotrypsin. This suggests a complex mechanism of substrate recognition instead of a relatively simple one that only involves three sites, residues 189, 216 and 226. However, both trypsin-->elastase and chymotrypsin-->trypsin conversion experiments carried out according to the complex model resulted in non-specific proteases with low catalytic activity. Chymotrypsin used in the latter studies was of B-type, containing an Ala residue at position 226. Trypsins, however, contain a conserved Gly at this site. The substantially decreased trypsin-like activity of the G226A trypsin mutant also suggests a specific role for this site in substrate binding. Here we investigate the role of site 226 by introducing the A226G substitution into chymotrypsin-->trypsin mutants which were constructed according to both the simple (S189D mutant) and the complex model (S(1) mutant) of specificity determination. The kinetic parameters show that the A226G substitution in the S(1) mutant increased the chymotrypsin-like activity, while the trypsin-like activity did not change. In contrast, this substitution in the S189D chymotrypsin mutant resulted in a 100-fold increase in trypsin-like activity and a trypsin-like specificity profile as tested on a competing oligopeptide substrate library. Additionally, the S189D+A226G mutant is the first trypsin-like chymotrypsin that undergoes autoactivation, an exclusive property of trypsinogen among pancreatic serine proteases.     

Color characteristic of Castle District built on the hill

In this article the used of the colordynamic planning method is described and applied as an example to the façade of a building in Buda. The method of colordynamic planning consists of 3 essential parts. In the first part we decide on the limits of the color range to be used, based upon the requirements of the subject of planning. The decision on these limits is closely linked to the coordinates of the Coloroid system. In the second part the planner creates harmonic color scales from the previously selected color range. In this work he is helped by rules of the Coloroid system, based on harmony thresholds. In the third part the planner selects the color harmony combinations considered suitable by him. Following that, he finalizes the Coloroid coordinates of the proposed colors most suitable for the project. For the presentation of the colordynamic planning method, based on the Coloroid system, we use a real database of a colordynamic plan, which was awarded the first prize in an international competition.     

Attachment behavior of adult dogs (Canis familiaris) living at rescue centers: Forming new bonds.

In this study, 60 shelter dogs (Canis familiaris) were observed in the modified version of the Strange Situation Test, which has proved to be a useful method for studying dogs' attachment behavior toward humans (J. Topàl, à. Miklòsi, V. Csònyi, & A. Dòka, 1998). Before testing, 40 dogs were handled 3 times for 10 min. In the test, handled dogs encountered 2 persons: the handler in the role of the "owner"(OW) and an unfamiliar person (UP), whereas the 20 nonhandled dogs encountered unfamiliar persons in both roles. Dogs in the handled group exhibited more contact seeking with the entering OW, less physical contact with the UP, less frequent following of the leaving UP, and less standing by the door in the presence of the OW. The specific response of the handled dogs toward the handler fulfilled the operational criteria of attachment. In shelter conditions, the remarkable demand for social contact with humans may result in rather fast forming of attachment even in adult dogs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mediated social touch: a review of current research and future directions

In this paper, we review research and applications in the area of mediated or remote social touch. Whereas current communication media rely predominately on vision and hearing, mediated social touch allows people to touch each other over a distance by means of haptic feedback technology. Overall, the reviewed applications have interesting potential, such as the communication of simple ideas (e.g., through Hapticons), establishing a feeling of connectedness between distant lovers, or the recovery from stress. However, the beneficial effects of mediated social touch are usually only assumed and have not yet been submitted to empirical scrutiny. Based on social psychological literature on touch, communication, and the effects of media, we assess the current research and design efforts and propose future directions for the field of mediated social touch.     

Fine-Tuned Reactivity of N-Containing Naphthol Analogues

6-Hydroxyquinoline and 3-hydroxyisoquinoline as N-containing naphthol analogues were tested in modified Mannich reactions (mMr’s). In the case of 6-hydroxyquinoline, the outcomes of the attempted Mannich reactions were strongly influenced by the amine components. Aminoalkylation of this substrate with reagents 1-naphthaldehyde and N-benzylmethylamine led to the isolation of a diol regarded as a stabilised water adduct of an ortho-quinone methide (o-QM), of which formation can be ascribed to the presence of a hydroxide ion in a relatively higher concentration generated by the bulky and basic amine component with decreased nucleophilicity. The classical Mannich base was isolated as a single product when the amine component was replaced for morpholine, featuring nucleophilicity rather than basic character under the applied reaction conditions. Starting from the isomer substrate 3-hydroxyisoquinoline, independently on the nucleophile (methanol or morpholine) besides the formation of the classical Mannich base, the nucleophilic attack at position one of the heterocyclic substrate was also observed. The DFT analysis of the acceptor molecular orbitals of the potential electrophilic components and the thermodynamics of the assumed-possible transformations demonstrated that this regioselective addition is a feasible process on the investigated heterocyclic skeleton. DFT modelling studies also suggest that besides the steric bulk, the orbital-controlled electronic properties of the aryl group, originating from the aldehyde components, have a strong influence on the ratios and the NMR-monitored interconversions of the C-1-substituted 3-hydroxyisoquinolines and the classical Mannich bases formed in multistep reaction sequences. On the basis of the DFT analysis of the thermodynamics of alternative pathways, a reaction mechanism was proposed for the rationalization of these characteristic substrate-controlled interconversions.     

Effect of soya consumption on heptatic monooxygenase enzyme system and some lipid parameters in rats

Young male rats were fed with diets containing Hungarian soya products (extruded or granulated soya preparates) as the only source of protein for four weeks. The weight gain of the animals, the cholesterol and triglyceride content of liver and the activity of the hepatic monooxygenase system were studied. 20% soya protein in the diet (either from extruded or from granulated soya products) supplemented with sulphur containing amino acids met the protein requirement of the young growing rats. In a separate experiment the protein depletion-repletion method was used to investigate the effect of Purina 500 E soya protein isolate on the above mentioned parameters. The results indicate that diets containing 20% soya protein are satisfactory for the regeneration of the protein depleted animals.     

Preference and harmony of neutral colours in 50‐year apart

Within the framework of this article the results of two experiments are compared, on the preference and harmony content of neutral colours, carried out 50‐year apart, in 1967 and 2017. The experimental conditions and sample boards, shown to the experimental subjects were identical in both occasions. Result shows that in 2017 the very light and very dark colours have been preferred over other colours, against the findings in1967. At the same time, the experimental subjects found the colour pairs, formed of colours with higher contrast, more harmonic in 2017 than 50‐year earlier in 1967.     

Thermal reactivity of YBa2Cu3O7-δ with Al2O3 addition in air atmosphere

The high–temperature thermal reactivity of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (Y123) compound with Al₂O₃ addition (0.5–10?wt%) was investigated and the thermal processes were described. Experimentally obtained results showed that Al₂O₃ firstly reacted with Y123 at temperatures far below the peritectic melting point of Y123. During this solid state reaction Al partially diffused into Y123 and formed a solid solution. Also, the formation of Al-rich complex oxides, mainly with barium, and basic secondary phases as Y₂BaCuO₅ and CuO, was observed with increasing Al₂O₃ content. The formation of additional secondary phases with Al₂O₃ provoked their reactivity with Y123 or between themselves. After increasing the temperature of the powder mixtures above the peritectic melting point of Y123 it was found that Al was incorporated in Y123 at higher concentrations than during the solid state reaction. The reason for that could be a partial or full dissolution of Al-rich complex oxides formed at lower temperatures which in turn increased the source of Al for the incorporation in Y123.The thermal behaviour of powder mixtures was investigated with the help of simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Morphology and microstructure were examined using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.