响应曲面法优化衣康酸三元共聚物制备工艺

针对咸阳某企业循环冷却水水质情况,选择衣康酸(IA)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用水溶液自由基聚合法制备IA-VAc-AMPS共聚物阻垢剂.利用响应曲面Box-Behnken试验优化共聚物制备工艺,并建立多元回归模型.结果表明:单体摩尔比和反应温度影响最大,单体摩尔比和引发...     

Morphogen Signals Shaping the Gastric Glands in Health and Disease

The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue, and their diffusion generates gradients in the microenvironment. Cells at different positions in the gland sense a specific combination of signals that instruct them to differentiate, proliferate, regenerate, or migrate. Differentiated cells perform specific functions involved in digestion, such as the production of protective mucus and the secretion of digestive enzymes or gastric acid. Biopsies from gastric precancerous conditions usually display tissue aberrations and change the shape of the glands. Alteration of the morphogen signalling microenvironment is likely to underlie those conditions. Furthermore, genes involved in morphogen signalling pathways are found to be frequently mutated in gastric cancer. We summarise the most recent findings regarding alterations of morphogen signalling during gastric carcinogenesis, and we highlight the new stem cell technologies that are improving our understanding of the regulation of human tissue shape.     

Impact of Rutin and Other Phenolic Substances on the Digestibility of Buckwheat Grain Metabolites

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is grown in eastern and central Asia (the Himalayan regions of China, Nepal, Bhutan and India) and in central and eastern Europe (Luxemburg, Germany, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is known for its high concentration of rutin and other phenolic metabolites. Besides the grain, the other aboveground parts of Tartary buckwheat contain rutin as well. After the mixing of the milled buckwheat products with water, the flavonoid quercetin is obtained in the flour–water mixture, a result of rutin degradation by rutinosidase. Heating by hot water or steam inactivates the rutin-degrading enzymes in buckwheat flour and dough. The low buckwheat protein digestibility is due to the high content of phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds have low absorption after food intake, so, after ingestion, they remain for some time in the gastrointestinal tract. They can act in an inhibitory manner on enzymes, degrading proteins and other food constituents. In common and Tartary buckwheat, the rutin and quercetin complexation with protein and starch molecules has an impact on the in vitro digestibility and the appearance of resistant starch and slowly digestible proteins. Slowly digestible starch and proteins are important for the functional and health-promoting properties of buckwheat products.     

双水相法萃取分离猪胰α-淀粉酶体系的初步研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG1500)/硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]双水相体系对猪胰α-淀粉酶分离条件进行了研究。探讨PEG质量分数、p H值和(NH4)2SO4质量分数对猪胰α-淀粉酶在PEG1500/(NH4)2SO4双水相中的分配系数Ka及萃取率Y的影响,并通过正交试验优化双水相萃取条件。结果表明,在p H值为7.0,PEG1500质量分数为18%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数为12%的双水相体系中,α-淀粉酶的分配系数Ka为8.48,萃取率Y为80.25%,α-淀粉酶活为1 690 U/m L。     

乳酸菌GP100抑制霉菌和酵母菌的应用研究

通过双层平板培养法,研究证明了乳酸菌GP100对霉菌M1有不完全抑制作用和对霉菌M2、M3和M4有完全抑制作用;并通过酸奶样品数据统计法,研究证明了乳酸菌GP100对酵母菌污染率可降低43.9%。     

Effect of Sorbitol Plasticizer on the Structure and Properties of Melt Processed Polyvinyl Alcohol Films

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) possesses wide applications as food packaging materials, but is difficult to melt process for its strong inter/intra hydrogen bonding. In this work, flexible PVA films with different content of sorbitol plasticizers were prepared by melt processing with the assistance of water. And the influence of sorbitol plasticizer content on the crystallinity, optical transparency, water‐retaining capability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and oxygen and water permeability were investigated. The results indicated that sorbitol dramatically improved the melt processing ability of PVA. Sorbitol could interact with PVA to form strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which would decrease the original hydrogen bonding of the matrix, resulting in the decrease of crystallinity degrees. The glass transition, melting and crystallization peak temperatures decreased with the increase of sorbitol. All the films exhibited fine optical transparency. The water retaining capability were improved with the increase of sorbitol. Especially, an increase in elongation at break and decrease in Young's modulus and tensile strength were observed indicating good plasticizing effect of sorbitol on PVA films. In addition, the PVA films prepared in this work exhibited fine barrier properties against oxygen and water, suggesting wide application potential as packaging materials.     

非离子分散剂的结构对C.I.分散黄64稳定性的影响

分散剂在分散染料加工和应用过程中的作用至关重要.研究了不同种类非离子分散剂对C.I.分散黄64分散稳定性的影响,并探讨了分散剂结构与性能之间的关系,结果表明:分散体系的稳定性与非离子分散剂的亲水亲油性、分散剂与染料颗粒的结合状况有很大关系.合适的亲水亲油性、分散剂疏水部分和染料颗粒结合较牢,有利于提高分散体系的稳定性.因分散剂用量较低,所制备分散体系的高温稳定性主要与非离子分散剂的浊点和其与染料颗粒的结合状况有关.同时,分散体系中加入过量的非离子分散剂将会导致其高温稳定性降低.     

高效液相色谱法快速测定白酒中8种吡嗪类化合物

建立高效液相色谱-荧光检测器（HPLC-FLD）快速测定白酒中8种吡嗪类化合物含量的方法,并优化样品前处理方法和HPLC色谱条件。结果表明,最佳色谱条件为Phenomenon Gemini 5μ C6-Phenyl 110A色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm）;流动相A为乙腈,B为0.1%磷酸水溶液（pH=2.1）,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/min;激发波长280 nm,发射波长348 nm。标准曲线相关系数R2为0.991～0.998,检出限为0.05～0.24 μg/mL,重复性试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.82%～3.83%,精密度试验结果RSD为1.04%～2.49%,样品加标回收率为86.7%～99.0%。该方法操作简单、快捷,精密度和准确度高,重复性好,能同时将白酒中8种吡嗪类化合物完全分离,可用于白酒中吡嗪类化合物的检测。     

水产动物自溶研究进展

水产动物资源由于水分含量大、自身酶系非常丰富,极易发生自溶,给其储藏、运输和加工过程带来很大不便,是制约水产加工业快速发展的重要瓶颈。本文重点从自溶影响因素、自溶过程生化变化、自溶机理和自溶技术应用四个方面对水产动物自溶的研究现状进行综述,并对未来的发展趋势和研究方向进行了展望,旨在为水产动物自溶的进一步研究提供理论参考。