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51.
Antonella Cecchi Gabriele Milani Antonio Tralli 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,131(2):185-198
The linear elastic analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane loaded masonry walls is still significant under service loads and is required by codes of practice, therefore the knowledge of the homogenized mechanical properties of masonry is of relevant interest. The aim of this paper is to discuss the problem of the out-of-plane loaded masonry walls in detail and to assess the accuracy and reliability of different homogenization approaches presented in the technical literature, with particular interest in recent explicit formulas obtained through an asymptotic model (as reported by Cecchi and Sab in 2002). Several meaningful comparisons are presented for different types of new and historical masonry structures currently employed in Italy. The validation of the analytical models is carried out by means of a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) out-of-plane homogenization. A final structural comparison among analytical models, FE out-of-plane homogenization, and a computationally expensive heterogeneous 3D FE model is discussed for a simply supported square panel laterally loaded. 相似文献
52.
Michela Signoretto Antonella Torchiaro Anna Breda Francesco Pinna Giuseppina Cerrato Claudio Morterra 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2008,84(3-4):363-371
A series of sulphated zirconia samples (SZ) promoted with Al2O3, Ga2O3, and Fe2O3 were synthesized by co-precipitation at constant pH and aged under reflux conditions. Structural, surface and catalytic properties of the samples were investigated using N2 adsorption/desorption, thermal analysis, in-situ FTIR spectroscopy, TPR–MS and EGA–MS measurements. The catalytic performance of promoted SZ in anisole acylation has been investigated. Promotion by either Fe2O3 or Ga2O3 was found to increase the catalytic activity (yield) after recycle of catalysts with respect un-promoted sample, whereas promotion by Al2O3 was observed to increase the conversion but not the yield. It is worth noting that all systems present high selectivity to the p-metoxyacetophenone product. 相似文献
53.
Marco Antoniotti Marco Carreras Antonella Farinaccio Giancario Mauri Daniele Merico Italo Zoppis 《Computers & Operations Research》2010,37(8):1361-1368
The application of various clustering techniques for large-scale gene-expression measurement experiments is a well-established method in bioinformatics. Clustering is also usually accompanied by functional characterization of gene sets by assessing statistical enrichments of structured vocabularies, such as the gene ontology (GO) [Gene Ontology Consortium. The gene ontology (GO) project in 2006. Nucleic Acids Research (Database issue), vol. 34; 2006. p. D322–6]. If different clusters are generated for correlated experiments, a machine learning step termed cluster meta-analysis may be performed, in order to discover relations among the components of such sets. Several approaches have been proposed: in particular, kernel methods may be used to exploit the graphical structure of typical ontologies such as GO. Following up the formulation of such approach [Merico D, Zoppis I, Antoniotti M, Mauri G. Evaluating graph kernel methods for relation discovery in GO-annotated clusters. In: KES-2007/WIRN-2007, Part IV, Lecture notes in artificial intelligence, vol. 4694. Berlin: Springer; 2007. p. 892–900; Zoppis I, Merico D, Antoniotti M, Mishra B, Mauri G. Discovering relations among GO-annotated clusters by graph kernel methods. In: Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on bioinformatics research and applications. Lecture notes in computer science, vol. 4463. Berlin: Springer; 2007], in this paper we discuss, from an information-theoretic point of view, further results about its applicability and its performance. 相似文献
54.
Arantxa Rodriguez-Casado Pedro Carmona Pilar Moreno Ignacio Sánchez-González Antonella Macagnano Corado Di Natale Mercedes Careche 《Food chemistry》2007,103(3):1024-1030
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has been used for the first time to evaluate the postmortem changes in structure of components from sardine muscle in relation to quality loss. Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) were stored in ice for up to thirteen days. The spectroscopic study was focussed on the structural changes produced on the lipids and proteins. 相似文献
55.
Antonella De Leonardis Alessandra Aretini Gabriele Alfano Vincenzo Macciola Giancarlo Ranalli 《European Food Research and Technology》2008,226(4):653-659
In this research, a phenol extract of high hydroxytyrosol (OLPE) content was obtained from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.), and subsequently tested under different contexts. The method used to obtain the OLPE basically involved two steps: the
use of strongly-acid aqueous steam, generated from 10% HCl (v/v) at 100°C, to directly hydrolyse the native complex phenols
from integral olive leaves, and OLPE recovery by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Hydrolysis time was 1 h. Finally,
the dried extract was dissolved in distilled water. The OLPE total phenols were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu’s method and
by HPLC analysis. Hydroxytyrosol was about 92% of the total phenols present in OLPE, and the yield was about 0.2% on fresh
leaves. OLPE showed antioxidant effects on different food lipids and did not inhibit lactic acid bacteria growth; however,
it showed cytotoxicity on NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells at concentrations higher than 0.32 mM
(as hydroxytyrosol). 相似文献
56.
The influence of temperature, turbidity and oxygen uptakes to the musts on the production of ethanal by yeasts, during the
alcoholic fermentation (AF), has been studied. The aim was to evaluate how increasing and controlling the production of this
molecule, in order to anticipate the reactions between anthocyanins and flavans from the second half of the AF. This concerns,
in particular, those winemaking techniques consisting in a temporarily separate fermentation of a part of the must (35–40%
of the total mass), that is drained before the start of the AF. The experimental design was a complete factorial plan with
three factors upon two levels (T = 18 °C and 22 °C; with or without oxygen; turbidity of 30 and 120 NTU); data were elaborated with 3-ways ANOVA. Temperature
proved to be the main factor influencing ethanal production during AF: higher temperatures (22 °C versus 18 °C) cause an increase
of the ethanal content during the first days of fermentation; after having reached 6–7% of ethanal, the effect is inverted.
The influence of turbidity is less important, and it's synergic with the effect of temperature. Oxygen has a detrimental effect
on the production of ethanal only at the beginning of the AF, while later, in presence of ethanol, it promotes it through
a chemical way. 相似文献
57.
Application of a new xylanase activity from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XR44A in brewer's spent grain saccharification 下载免费PDF全文
58.
Adriano Sofo Antonio Scopa Maria Nuzzaci Antonella Vitti 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(6):13561-13578
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important relatively stable non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced by normal aerobic metabolism in plants. At low concentrations, H2O2 acts as a signal molecule involved in the regulation of specific biological/physiological processes (photosynthetic functions, cell cycle, growth and development, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses). Oxidative stress and eventual cell death in plants can be caused by excess H2O2 accumulation. Since stress factors provoke enhanced production of H2O2 in plants, severe damage to biomolecules can be possible due to elevated and non-metabolized cellular H2O2. Plants are endowed with H2O2-metabolizing enzymes such as catalases (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), some peroxiredoxins, glutathione/thioredoxin peroxidases, and glutathione sulfo-transferases. However, the most notably distinguished enzymes are CAT and APX since the former mainly occurs in peroxisomes and does not require a reductant for catalyzing a dismutation reaction. In particular, APX has a higher affinity for H2O2 and reduces it to H2O in chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria and peroxisomes, as well as in the apoplastic space, utilizing ascorbate as specific electron donor. Based on recent reports, this review highlights the role of H2O2 in plants experiencing water deficit and salinity and synthesizes major outcomes of studies on CAT and APX activity and genetic regulation in drought- and salt-stressed plants. 相似文献
59.
Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto Carlo Pastore Antonella Angelini Brunella Aresta Imre Pápai 《Journal of Catalysis》2010,269(1):44-52
In this paper we show that modification of ceria by loading alumina strongly reduces the oxidation of methanol and the consequent reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) with increase of both the life of the catalysts and their selectivity. The combination of surface techniques (XPS and BET) with structural techniques (XRD) has allowed a good characterisation of the working catalysts. Spectroscopic analyses (DRIFT and multinuclear solid state and solution NMR) have permitted the monitoring of the species formed on the surface of the catalyst and released from it. The formation of DMC takes place in successive steps such as (i) interaction of methanol with the catalyst surface with the formation of the surface-bound OCH3; (ii) building on the catalyst surface of the hemicarbonate moiety [–OCH3 → –OC(O)OCH3]; and (iii) reaction of the latter with the gas-phase methanol to afford the organic carbonate. 相似文献
60.
Albenzio M Santillo A Caroprese M Marino R Centoducati P Sevi A 《The Journal of dairy research》2005,72(4):447-455
The influence of three different ventilation regimens on air pollution in sheep houses and on the quality of ewe milk and of Canestrato Pugliese cheese was investigated during the summer season. The experimental treatments were low ventilation regimen (VR=35 m3/h per ewe) split in 30-min ventilation cycles (LOV-30); moderate ventilation regimen (VR=70 m3/h per ewe) split in 30-min ventilation cycles (MOV-30); moderate ventilation regimen (VR=70 m3/h per ewe) split in 60-min ventilation cycles (MOV-60). The LOV-30 milk had higher microbial load and bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) and resulted in a weaker casein matrix in the curd compared with the MOV-30 and MOV-60 treatments. At 45 d of ripening, the LOV-30 cheeses had a lower casein content and higher non-casein nitrogen (NCN) and water-soluble nitrogen (WSN) contents than the MOV-30 and MOV-60 cheeses. Urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (urea-PAGE) of the pH 4.6-soluble N extract showed that the MOV-60 cheeses had fewer bands derived from casein (CN) hydrolysis than the LOV-30 or MOV-30 cheeses, despite its having exhibited the highest plasmin (PL) activity levels. Our results suggest that the ventilation regimen is critical in dairy sheep housing for optimizing the hygienic quality of ewe milk and the proteolytic processes occurring in Canestrato Pugliese cheese during ripening. 相似文献