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81.
以Al粉和Ni粉为主要原料,采用自蔓延高温合成技术,制备Ni—Al基金属间化合物。绘制了热爆反应曲线、描述了热爆反应的过程,分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征,研究了热爆反应的边界条件以及各种反应参数对热爆反应的影响。研究结果表明,升温速率和颗粒尺寸对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。提高升温速率、减小颗粒尺寸均可缩短热爆反应的起始时间,降低热爆反应的起始温度。初步确定了反应起始温度低于Ni—Al系的最低共晶温度(640℃),Ni—A1系的热爆反应是由固一固扩散反应引发的,Ni-32Al的反应产物为单相、均一的NiAl相。  相似文献   
82.
文章就数控小孔冲床加工纺织烘干设备中帘子网眼平板产生波浪纹缺陷的原因,进行了全面、详细的理论分析.在排除机床、模具精度影响的基础上,针对压料机构运动误差产生的机理和不利影响,详细分析了网眼冲孔加工产生波浪纹缺陷的根本原因,提出了相应的改进措施,在实践中具有良好的实用效果.  相似文献   
83.
In recent years, the finite element method (FEM) has become the main tool for simulating the metal cutting process because research based on trial and error is time consuming and requires high investment. Early studies were done by different investigators. In this research AISI 52100, hardened steel (62 HRC) was selected for an orthogonal machining process as well as metal cutting simulation using the software DEFORM-2D. This software is based on a forging process and has been adapted to an orthogonal machining process. The results of simulated cutting forces were compared with experimental cutting force data to validate the orthogonal cut simulation. Also, the surface roughness was measured, and the influence of the stress, strain, and temperature on the surface roughness was studied.  相似文献   
84.
N-甲酰吗啉芳烃抽提塔试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用小型碳钢筛板萃取塔进行了宽馏分重整脱庚烷油的N 甲酰吗啉抽提试验 ,考察了抽提温度、溶剂比、溶剂含水率对总芳烃收率及选择性的影响。结果表明 ,在抽提温度为 60℃、溶剂含水为 3 % (m )和溶剂比S/F =4(V)的抽提操作条件下 ,溶剂选择性较高 ,并可获得高的芳烃回收率  相似文献   
85.
泡沫陶瓷的研制   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
泡沫陶瓷是一种新型的功能陶瓷材料。它具有独特的结构和性能,在工业中有着广泛的应用前景。泡沫陶瓷具有密度小、透气性高、耐高温、抗化学腐蚀等特性。本研究对用颗粒强化的氧化铝骨架合成泡沫陶瓷进行了分析。这种材料比其它多孔陶瓷材料具有更好的热化学性质。这种材料可以用有机海绵浸浆获得,然后烧去海绵,留下多孔陶瓷网。这种方法的优点是它包含了过程参数和陶瓷结构,同时合成物的烧结情况及其它条件的影响在文中也有阐述。  相似文献   
86.
Samples of mesoporous silica SBA-15 were prepared under hydrothermal conditions where Cu cations were incorporated to the structure by impregnation in order to compare the adsorption behavior in the presence and absence of this element. The adsorption/desorption equilibrium isotherms of propylene, propane, and N2 were measured to evaluate their usefulness in the propane/propylene separation. All the adsorption isotherms of SBA-15 measured in the absence of Cu cations were described by the Freundlich equation, while the adsorption isotherms of propane on Cu/SBA-15 were better represented by the Henry equation and those of propylene were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir model in the range P < 100 Torr. The adsorption uptake of propylene increased and that of propane decreased in Cu/SBA-15 as compared to the amounts observed in the SBA-15 sample. The presence of Cu atoms in the adsorbent lattice increased the selectivity towards propylene. Under some working conditions the adsorbed amount of propylene in Cu/SBA-15 sample was totally reversible and the propane uptake, negligible.  相似文献   
87.
Industrial effluents usually include multicomponent organic solutes. The optimum pH for adsorption of a specific industrial effluent on activated carbon should be determined experimentally because, in general, more than one mechanism is involved. A series of experiments was conducted to establish the influence of the initial hydrogen ion concentration on carbon adsorption of organic solutes. For these studies, powdered activated carbon was used, and the water systems studied included both single component pure organic compounds as well as multicomponent organic wastes. Results indicate that the pH effect upon the effectiveness of carbon adsorption mainly depends upon the nature of the adsorbed substance. In general, the degree of ionisation is the controlling factor for adsorption of ionic organic solutes on activated carbon. Adsorption reaches a maximum at the point of least ionisation of the adsorbate. As the organic compounds become more complex (i.e. longer hydrocarbon chains, higher molecular weights, increased branching), the electrical adsorption forces between activated carbon and ionic organic solutes will govern. Anionic surfactants meet with decreased electronegative repulsive forces at low pH levels, which increase the effectiveness of carbon adsorption. However, the adsorption of a cationic surfactant is increased by an increase in the electronegative carbon surface at high pH levels. When ionic organic solutes become much more complex, like a polymer, the effects of both ionisation and electrical adsorption forces become less important. Instead, the adsorption rate will be controlled by the extent of hydrolysis caused by the pH adjustment. For non-ionic organic solutes, chemical reaction(s) between the adsorbate and the added chemical (acid or base) for pH adjustment is an important controlling factor. Again, hydrolysis is responsible for the breakdown of larger size molecules to smaller sizes. Then an increase in adsorption rate with decreasing molecular weight of adsorbate is expected.  相似文献   
88.
The efficiency of different surface pretreatments (four standard chemical etchings and four diamond powder abrasive procedures) on silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond has been systematically investigated. Blank Si3N4 samples were polished with colloidal silica (∼0.25 μm). Diamond nucleation and growth runs were conducted in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus for 10 min and 6 h, respectively. Superior results concerning nucleation density ( N d∼ 1010 cm−2 after 10 min), film uniformity, and grain size (below 2 μm after 6 h) were obtained for the mechanically microflawed samples, revealing that chemical etchings (hot and cold strong acids, molten base or CF4 plasma) are not crucial for good CVD diamond quality on Si3N4.  相似文献   
89.
A study of modified carbon paste electrode employing Nile blue (NB) adsorbed on silica gel modified with niobium oxide (SN) for electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is described. The adsorbed organic dye on SN was used to prepare a modified carbon paste electrode to investigate its electrochemical properties. The formal potential (E°′) of the adsorbed NB (−230 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode, SCE) showed a shift of 70 mV towards a more positive potential value, compared to NB dissolved in aqueous solution. In solutions with pH between 6.0 and 8.0 did stability and E°′ remained almost constant. However, for a solution pH lower than 6.0 the E°′ was affected by the acidity of the contacting solution, shifting the E°′ towards more positive values. For the solution pHs between 6.0 and 8.0 the electrocatalytic activity remained almost constant. A linear response range for NADH between 1.0×10−5 and 5.2×10−4 mol l−1, at pH 7.0, was observed for the electrode, with an applied potential of −200 mV versus SCE. The formation of an intermediate charge transfer (CT) complex was proposed to the CT reaction between NADH and adsorbed NB. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate, kobs, was 1400 M−1 s−1 and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, was 0.21 mM at pH 7.0 evaluated from rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments with an electrode coverage of about 5.2×10−9 mol cm−2. The increase in the reaction rate between NADH and the immobilized NB compared to those obtained with dissolved NB was assigned to the shift of the E°′ towards more positive values.  相似文献   
90.
A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN's) based on different compositions of an acyclic polyethylene terephthalate oligomer and unsaturated polyester resin (UP) were prepared. The oligomer was dissolved in the resin containing styrene crosslinker. Later this mixture was crosslinked at room temperature using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst and cobalt naphtanate as promoter. The tensile strength of the IPN's decreases as the concentration of oligomer increases, whereas, elongation to break increases. A characterization of the oligomer used is also presented.  相似文献   
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