Low-temperature acidic amylases from Aspergillus for desizing of cotton fabrics

The patterns of degradation occurring when textile fabrics are treated with sulphuric acid are derived from the change in tensile strength at different concentrations. Characteristic shapes differ for different fibre types and range from a near-linear mode to one in which a high initial loss of property takes place.

Results show a general tendency, with individual variations, for deterioration to increase with time and concentration, molecular and structural factors presumably being responsible.     

Controlled growth of well-aligned GaS nanohornlike structures and their field emission properties

Here, we report the synthesis of vertically aligned gallium sulfide (GaS) nanohorn arrays using simple vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. The morphologies of GaS nano and microstructures are tuned by controlling the temperature and position of the substrate with respect to the source material. A plausible mechanism for the controlled growth has been proposed. It is important to note that the turn-on field value of GaS nanohorns array is found to be the low turn-on field 4.2 V/μm having current density of 0.1 μA/cm(2). The striking feature of the field emission behavior of the GaS nanohorn arrays is that the average emission current remains nearly constant over long time without any degradation.     

Traveling Wire Electrochemical Discharge Machining (TW-ECDM) of Quartz Using Zinc Coated Brass Wire: Investigations on Material Removal Rate and Kerf Width Characteristics

Silicon - In this era, advanced non-conducting materials are gaining importance due to their superior properties. However, it is difficult to micro-machine these materials inefficiency and also...     

Advanced lifting wavelet transform and V-degree polynomial-based channel estimation in MIMO-GFDM

The future generation of wireless communications systems uses the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) due to its viable candidate waveform to perform multiple user scheduling. It is a non-orthogonal waveform susceptible to intercarrier and intersymbol interference (ISI); still, it offers flexible pulse shaping that enhances the efficiency of user scheduling. Here, to accomplish spatial diversity, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is incorporated with GFDM to enhance the performance; there is also an extra inter-antenna interference problem that limits the model's performance. The issue concerning inter-antenna interference can be resolved by adopting pilot-based information transfer. The detection of a signal at the receiver based on the minimum mean square error has the issue of computational complexity while enhancing the estimation quality of a detector. Hence, a low-complexity channel estimation technique is proposed in this research using the V-degree polynomial-based channel estimation technique, wherein the cubic order computation is reduced to square order. Also, the proposed adaptive pulse shaping technique, wherein the filter coefficient is optimized using the gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) to provide optimal pulse shaping filter parameters by employing bit error rate (BER) as the objective function. The performance of a proposed V-degree polynomial-based channel estimation is analyzed based on various assessment measures like BER and MSE and acquired the minimal values of 5.75E-05 and 2.07E-05, respectively.     

Evaluation of a rapid PCR-based method for the detection of animal material

A rapid PCR-based analytical method for detection of animal-derived materials in complete feed was developed. Using a commercially available DNA forensic kit for the extraction of DNA from animal feed, a sensitive method was developed that was capable of detecting as little as 0.03% bovine meat and bone meal in complete feed in under 8 h of total assay time. The reduction in assay time was accomplished by reducing the DNA extraction time to 2 h and using the simpler cleanup procedure of the kit. Assay sensitivity can be increased to 0.006% by increasing the DNA extraction time to an overnight incubation of approximately 16 h. Examination of dairy feed samples containing either bovine meat and bone meal, porcine meat and bone meal, or lamb meal at a level of 0.1% (wt/wt basis) suggested that this method may be suitable for regulatory uses. The adoption of this commercially available kit for use with animal feeds yields an assay that is quicker and simpler to perform than a previously validated assay for the detection of animal proteins in animal feed.     

Biogenic gold nanoparticles as fotillas to fire berberine hydrochloride using folic acid as molecular road map

Use of biologically modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as molecular vehicle to ferry potential anti-cancer drug berberine hydrochloride (BHC) using folic acid (FA) as targeting molecule is reported in this work. A tropical fruit peel, Trapa bispinosa is used to fabricate highly monodispersed GNPs, passivated with essential functional groups which were used as linkers to attach FA and BHC via amide linkage. Flocculation Parameter (FP) of biologically synthesized GNPs was calculated under different salt concentrations which were found to be very ideal under a physiological condition. Various statistical models were used to find drug release profile out of which Higuchi was found to be the most ideal. GNP–FA–BHC complexes were found to be active against folic acid expressing HeLa cells.     

Room temperature synthesis of In2S3 micro- and nanorod textured thin films

Thin films of indium sulfide (In₂S₃) micro- and nanorods were successfully prepared by sulfurization of electrodeposited metal indium layers. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. From XRD and TEM observations it was concluded that the In₂S₃ nanorods and microrods have ∼50 nm and ∼0.5 μm diameter, respectively. A plausible top-growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of the nanorods in which the hydroxide layer was found to play an important role. The micro- and nanorods showed optical bandgap of ∼2.2 and ∼2.54 eV, respectively. This facile and cost effective method may be extended to fabricate other metal chalcogenide nanostructures on solid substrates.     

Modified CAZAC Sequence Based Timing Synchronization Scheme for OFDM System

Wireless Personal Communications - Active queue management schemes are used to reduce the number of dropped packets at the routers. Random early detection uses dropping probability which is...     

Characterization of some organic poly(aminiumphosphate)s

Summary Metachromatic reactions of MB and AO are studied with poly(aminium phosphate)s. The main band() at 665 m and 492 m for MB and AO are shifted to 580 m and 455 m respectively (-bands). The metachromatic values at different concentrations of poly(aminium phosphate)s are also reported. The dye association for MB with these polymer derivatives is investigated conductometrically as well. It is observed that MB can be at the most bind with the phosphate residue of polymer upto 11 molar ratio. The polymeric nature was further established by paper chromatographic technique in Terry's, Ebel's & Pfrengle's solvents.