Forced migration of soluble and suspended materials by freezing front in aqueous systems

Migration of soluble and suspended materials by directional freezing of aqueous systems has been studied qualitatively. Slow freezing was employed vertically as well as horizontally through solutions and suspensions. In all cases, the impurities (soluble salts as well as suspended materials) were appreciably forced out by dynamic freezing front. The phenomenon worked for concentrating/separating inorganic ions, soluble organic compounds and dyes in synthetic solutions as well as in natural streams. Various analytical techniques were employed to monitor the migrating species through the freezing media. It was found that separation efficiency depends on different factors like rate of cooling, pH and concentration. Model experiments were designed and exercised successfully to employ the technique for treatment of dye-polluted water.     

Basics: Current base oil quality and technological options for its improvement— an Overview

Recent technological developments have revolutionised the lubricant industry by spurring a widespread quality improvement in both base oils and additives, giving superior finished lubricants. The upgrading of base oils is being brought about by more demanding requirements from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), by government regulations, and through consumer awareness, environmental concerns, decreasing supply of high‐quality lubricant‐bearing crudes, and expanding markets worldwide. Present‐day lubricant demand is for maximum oxidation stability, superior low‐temperature performance, low volatility, and improved additive response, which are difficult to achieve through conventional processing. Conventional solvent lubricant refining produces base oils with a viscosity index (VI) of 100 with a fair amount of sulphur and aromatics, i.e., Group I base oils only. The current requirements of high‐performance base oils can conveniently be met through the hydroprocessing route. Depending upon the severity level, hydroprocessing is able to produce base oils of VI 95–110, in addition to low sulphur and high saturates content (Group II and Group III) by transforming the undesirable molecules into more useful structures. In countries such as India, a hybrid approach offers a technical solution to meet current demands for lubricant quality. This approach can be implemented in existing lubricant refineries without entailing major changes in refinery configuration, besides being cost‐effective. This paper describes the current requirements of modern lubricants in relation to API Groups and trends in these, and describes a sequence of technologies involving solvent refining, a cost‐effective hybrid scheme, and more recent hydroprocessing that allows a cost‐effective upgrading of Group I refining process. A case study is given that discusses the adoption of the hybrid scheme in Indian refineries.     

Compact and High Speed Architectures of KASUMI Block Cipher

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper proposes highly compact and high speed hardware architectures of 64-bit KASUMI block cipher for wide range of wireless applications. A novel...     

Security and key management in IoT‐based wireless sensor networks: An authentication protocol using symmetric key

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of hundreds of miniature sensor nodes to sense various events in the surrounding environment and report back to the base station. Sensor networks are at the base of internet of things (IoT) and smart computing applications where a function is performed as a result of sensed event or information. However, in resource‐limited WSN authenticating a remote user is a vital security concern. Recently, researchers put forth various authentication protocols to address different security issues. Gope et al presented a protocol claiming resistance against known attacks. A thorough analysis of their protocol shows that it is vulnerable to user traceability, stolen verifier, and denial of service (DoS) attacks. In this article, an enhanced symmetric key‐based authentication protocol for IoT‐based WSN has been presented. The proposed protocol has the ability to counter user traceability, stolen verifier, and DoS attacks. Furthermore, the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified using Proverif and BAN logic. The proposed protocol has the same communication cost as the baseline protocol; however, in computation cost, it has 52.63% efficiency as compared with the baseline protocol.     

The radial spreading as a free surface layer of a vertical buoyant jet

Summary When the rising plume in a stagnant ambient fluid impinges the free surface it spreads radially as a surface layer flowing over a pool of heavier liquid. Initially the surface layer in the entrainment zone entrains the underlying fluid, but the entrainment decreases with the increasing distance from the boil. The radius of the entrainment zone depends on the initial buoyancy flux from the nozzle and also on submergence height. It was assumed that the flow in this zone has a self-preserving form. The theoretical results based upon this assumption showed that the maximum velocity and density difference of the layer decreases as powers of radius distance measured from centre of the boil and the depth varies linearly with the radius, so that the sectional Richardon's number based on maximum physical quantities of the section remain unchanged. It was further shown that the coefficient of the entrainment remains constant and is a function of the Richardson's number and the slope of the interface. The theoretical results were compared with those obtained experimentally and fair agreement was obtained.At the end of the entrainment zone the surface layer enters the zone of homogeneous flow in which the layer travels over the underlying fluid and behaves much like a free homogeneous flow over a rigid boundary: the friction at the interface replacing the friction of the boundary. In this zone the mean velocity of the layer in the radial direction was measured and found that it decreases inversely with the increase of radius. The thickness of the layer in the zone of homogeneous flow remains constant and depends, as far as experiments show, greatly on the submergence height.     

Asynchronous algorithms for poisson's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions

Poisson's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions is discretized with the method of lines to obtain a system of second order differential equations with multi-point boundary conditions. This differential system is converted, using invariant imbedding for each one-dimensional problem, into a fixed point problem and then the asynchronous algorithms are applied.     

Dynamic Bayesian networks and variable length genetic algorithm for designing cue-based model for dialogue act recognition

The automatic recognition of dialogue act is a task of crucial importance for the processing of natural language dialogue at discourse level. It is also one of the most challenging problems as most often the dialogue act is not expressed directly in speaker’s utterance. In this paper, a new cue-based model for dialogue act recognition is presented. The model is, essentially, a dynamic Bayesian network induced from manually annotated dialogue corpus via dynamic Bayesian machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, the dynamic Bayesian network’s random variables are constituted from sets of lexical cues selected automatically by means of a variable length genetic algorithm, developed specifically for this purpose. To evaluate the proposed approaches of design, three stages of experiments have been conducted. In the initial stage, the dynamic Bayesian network model is constructed using sets of lexical cues selected manually from the dialogue corpus. The model is evaluated against two previously proposed models and the results confirm the potentiality of dynamic Bayesian networks for dialogue act recognition. In the second stage, the developed variable length genetic algorithm is used to select different sets of lexical cues to constitute the dynamic Bayesian networks’ random variables. The developed approach is evaluated against some of the previously used ranking approaches and the results provide experimental evidences on its ability to avoid the drawbacks of the ranking approaches. In the third stage, the dynamic Bayesian networks model is constructed using random variables constituted from the sets of lexical cues generated in the second stage and the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approaches for designing dialogue act recognition model.     

Study of magnetic entropy change in La0.65Sr0.35Cu0.1Mn0.9O3 complex perovskite

The magnetocaloric properties of new complex magnetic material La_0.65Sr_0.35Cu_0.1Mn_0.9O₃, suitable for the Ericsson cycle, have been investigated. For this material, the effect of Cu doping can be attributed to a combination of doping disorder, Cu-Mn super exchange interactions and a site-percolation mechanism, which suppress the metallic conduction and Curie temperature. The Curie temperature decreases to 355 K. The magnetocaloric study exposes a comparable value of the magnetic entropy change for La_0.65Sr_0.35Cu_0.1Mn_0.9O₃ sample, the value of the maximum entropy change, increases from 1.132 J/kgK to 3.11 J/kgK as magnetic field increases from 1 T to 4 T. A large relative cooling power (RCP) has been observed for La_0.65Sr_0.35Cu_0.1Mn_0.9O_3. As a result, the studied sample can be considered as potential material for magnetic refrigeration.     

Application of linearized power system model to selection of PST controller input signal

This paper presents a selection method for phase shift transformer PST controller input signal. Simple conditions of input signal selection are obtained using frequency response analysis. The proposed method requires a suitable modeling of power system including PST device. The two types of power system models described in this paper are the nonlinear equations system model and the linearized model. The linearized model is represented as a block diagram transfer function model and as a state space representation model. The block diagram model presented in this paper has been used for the PST feedback input signal selection. Five locally available measurements at the switching node of the PST are considered. The results of frequency domain tests have confirmed that the block diagram transfer function model is a useful tool for power system analysis. The LQR method is used to achieve the final verification and the choice of input control signal.     

Preparation and characterization of PPRC/EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizates: A comparative study

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) of polypropylene random copolymer (PPRC) with ethylene–propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) were prepared through in situ and ex situ compatibilization techniques. Silanized silica as nanofiller was incorporated in the ex situ compatibilized TPVs. Mechanical properties were measured for different formulated TPVs with increasing loading of EPDM from 10 to 30 phr. A comparative data is generated to discuss the effect of two compatibilization techniques and addition of silica filler in the TPVs. The degradation studies were also carried out to check the stability of the blends under harsh ultraviolet environment. The in situ compatibilized TPVs provided better overall mechanical properties. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the properties of ex situ compatiblized TPVs were enhanced by incorporation of silanized silica filler. Silanized silica filler helped in reducing the die swell significantly. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46726.