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51.
Compared with control birds receiving ad libitum free-water, the total water intake of male and female northern bobwhite declined when only mealworms were available as a source of water. Male northern bobwhite sustained tissue mass and reproductive function with mealworms as their only source of water. Female northern bobwhite could not sustain body, ovary, and oviduct mass, and rate of egg production with mealworms as their only source of water. We suggest that, without free-water, breeding females require a diet with a water:dry matter ratio of greater than 1:1.29 (> 44% water). 相似文献
52.
Classical single carrier cell planning is extended to multi-carrier systems operating over frequency selective channels. Extension is achieved by expressing the link outage probability in terms of the statistics of the effective SINR. Two approximations for the link outage probability are obtained by considering log-normal and Gaussian assumptions for the derivation of the statistics of the exponential effective SINR. A simplified planning procedure is presented and applied to the calculation of the network parameters for the typical two cells interference scenario. Results having accuracy within one dB are obtained for a number of sub-carriers greater than six and for an outage target of 5%. 相似文献
53.
Tatumi SH Gozzi G Yee M de Oliveira VI Sallun AE Suguio K 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2006,119(1-4):462-469
In the present work, systematic dating by luminescence methods has been done on 50 Quaternary geological samples within the study area of S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Bleaching experiments showed that residual TL intensity of 375 degrees C peak, of the quartz, was obtained after 10 h of sunlight exposition. Intensities decays of the 325 and 375 degrees C TL peaks can be fitted using second order exponential equation. Paleodose values were evaluated using regeneration methods with multiple aliquots. Samples dated indicate preliminary ages varying from 9 +/- 1 to 935 +/- 130 ka for colluvio-elluvial deposits, and from 17 +/- 2 to 215 +/- 30 ka for alluvial deposits of the study area. They cover four peneplained surfaces shaped during the Quaternary: I (1000-400 ka), II (400-120 ka), III (120-10 ka) and IV (10 ka until today), in decreasing order. 相似文献
54.
Giuliano Dragone Solange I. Mussatto João B. Almeida e Silva 《European Food Research and Technology》2008,228(2):257-264
Flavor compounds’ formation and fermentative parameters of continuous high gravity brewing with yeasts immobilized on spent
grains were evaluated at three different temperatures (7, 10 and 15 °C). The assays were performed in a bubble column reactor
at constant dilution rate (0.05 h−1) and total gas flow rate (240 ml/min of CO2 and 10 ml/min of air), with high-gravity all-malt wort (15°Plato). The results revealed that as the fermentation temperature
was increased from 7 to 15 °C, the apparent and real degrees of fermentation, rate of extract consumption, ethanol volumetric
productivity and consumption of free amino nitrogen (FAN) increased. In addition, beer produced at 15 °C presented a higher
alcohols to esters ratio (2.2–2.4:1) similar to the optimum values described in the literature. It was thus concluded that
primary high-gravity (15°Plato) all-malt wort fermentation by continuous process with yeasts immobilized on spent grains,
can be carried out with a good performance at 15 °C. 相似文献
55.
56.
Anti-listerial activity of a polymeric film coated with hybrid coatings doped with Enterocin 416K1 for use as bioactive food packaging 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iseppi R Pilati F Marini M Toselli M de Niederhäusern S Guerrieri E Messi P Sabia C Manicardi G Anacarso I Bondi M 《International journal of food microbiology》2008,123(3):281-287
In this study, Enterocin 416K1, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus casseliflavus IM 416K1, was entrapped in an organic-inorganic hybrid coating applied to a LDPE (low-density polyethylene) film for its potential use in the active food packaging field. The antibacterial activity of the coated film was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 10888 by qualitative modified agar diffusion assay, quantitative determination in listeria saline solution suspension and direct contact with artificially contaminated food samples (frankfurters and fresh cheeses) stored at room and refrigeration temperatures. All investigations demonstrated that enterocin-activated coatings have a good anti-listeria activity. Qualitative tests showed a clear zone of inhibition in the indicator lawn in contact with and around the coated film. During the quantitative antibacterial evaluation the L. monocytogenes viable counts decreased to 1.5 log units compared to the control. The inhibitory capability was confirmed also in food-contact assays. In all food samples packed with coated films we observed a significant decrease in L. monocytogenes viable counts in the first 24 h compared to the control. This difference was generally maintained up to the seventh day and then decreased, with the exception of the cheese samples stored at refrigeration temperature. 相似文献
57.
Karina T. Magalhães Giuliano Dragone Gilberto V. de Melo Pereira José M. Oliveira Lucília Domingues José A. Teixeira João B. Almeida e Silva Rosane F. Schwan 《Food chemistry》2011
Cheese whey (CW) and deproteinised cheese whey (DCW) were investigated for their suitability as novel substrates for the production of kefir-like beverages. Lactose consumption, ethanol production, as well as organic acids and volatile compounds formation, were determined during CW and DCW fermentation by kefir grains and compared with values obtained during the production of traditional milk kefir. The results showed that kefir grains were able to utilise lactose from CW and DCW and produce similar amounts of ethanol (7.8–8.3 g/l), lactic acid (5.0 g/l) and acetic acid (0.7 g/l) to those obtained during milk fermentation. In addition, the concentration of higher alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1-propanol), ester (ethyl acetate) and aldehyde (acetaldehyde) in cheese whey-based kefir and milk kefir beverages were also produced in similar amounts. Cheese whey and deproteinised cheese whey may therefore serve as substrates for the production of kefir-like beverages similar to milk kefir. 相似文献
58.
59.
Glenn J.T. Leighton Paul M. Jones Quentin Lonne Robert A. Dorey Fabien Giuliano 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(10):3483-3488
Using thick and thin films instead of bulk functional materials presents tremendous advantages in the field of flexible electronics and component miniaturization. Here, a low-cost method to grow and release large-area, microscale thickness, freestanding, functional, ceramic foils is reported. It uses evaporation of sodium chloride to silicon wafer substrates as sacrificial layers, upon which functional lead titanate zirconate ceramic films are grown at 710?°C maximum temperature to validate the method. The freestanding, functional foils are then released by dissolution of the sacrificial sodium chloride in water and have the potential to be integrated into low-thermal stability printed circuits and flexible substrates. The optimization of the sodium chloride layer surface quality and bonding strength with the underlying wafer is achieved thanks to pre-annealing treatment. 相似文献
60.
Jinyang Li Eunkyoung Kim Kelsey M. Gray Christina Conrad Chen‐Yu Tsao Sally P. Wang Guanghui Zong Giuliano Scarcelli Kimberly M. Stroka Lai‐Xi Wang William E. Bentley Gregory F. Payne 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(30)
Biology uses diffusible oxidants to perform functions that range from signaling to matrix assembly, and these oxidation chemistries offer surprising selectivities. Here, it is reported that mediated electrochemistry can access the richness of such oxidation chemistries. Specifically, electrode‐imposed voltage inputs are used to locally generate oxidized mediators that can diffuse into polymer solutions and induce the formation of covalent bonds for the deposition and functionalization of hydrogels at the electrode surface. Depending on the mediator's redox potential (E0), it is possible to “gate” the voltage inputs to target specific residues (e.g., thiols or amines) and oxidation chemistries. Further, mediators of varying E0 offer different reactivities and thus allow control of reaction‐diffusion rates to modulate the hydrogel's crosslink density and mechanical properties. Importantly, this mediated oxidation can be performed under physiologically relevant conditions to preserve labile biological functionalities (e.g., cell viability and protein function). Finally, it is demonstrated that protein fusion tags can be engineered to have “targetable” amino acid residues that enable protein function to be oxidatively conjugated to electrodeposited hydrogels. In summary, mediated electrochemistry can engage orthogonal oxidation chemistries to create functionalized matrices and thus mediated electrochemistry should add important capabilities to the electrofabrication toolbox. 相似文献