Pulmonary function values in Friesian and double-muscled calves during acute poikilocapnic hypoxia

In the genus Eulemur (Malagasy lemurs) karyotype diversification has occurred mainly through Robertsonian mechanisms of chromosome fusion (Rumpler et al., 1976). Eulemur coronatus is the sole species to have the largest genome size, due to a very large amount of C-heterochromatin, mostly located at the pericentromeric regions of the largest chromosomes (Warter and Rumpler, 1985). This increase in C-heterochromatin was thought to be due to DNA amplification (Ronchetti et al., 1993). The aim of this work was to investigate whether the large C-heterochromatin of Eulemur coronatus might have derived by amplification of the smaller C-heterochromatin of Eulemur macaco, a closely related species with smaller genome size. To obtain information on the overall base composition of the total genomes, on the relative interspersion of AT and GC base paris along the DNA molecule and on the structural differences in C-heterochromatin, we used a quantitative cyto-chemical approach, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between DNA-specific fluorochromes (i.e. the AT-specific Hoechst 33258, and the non base-specific dye, propidium iodide). Micro-spectrofluorometry and image analysis were used to investigate both the overall FRET efficiency and its spatial distribution along the chromosome arms. FRET efficiency values of the DNA in C-heterochromatin were significantly different in the two Eulemur species, indicating a different qualitative composition of repetitive DNA. This suggests that the repetitive DNA of Eulemur coronatus cannot have originated by amplification in toto of the repetitive DNA sequences of Eulemur macaco.     

Advantages of Unbiased Support Vector Classifiers for Data Mining Applications

Many learning algorithms have been used for data mining applications, including Support Vector Classifiers (SVC), which have shown improved capabilities with respect to other approaches, since they provide a natural mechanism for implementing Structural Risk Minimization (SRM), obtaining machines with good generalization properties. SVC leads to the optimal hyperplane (maximal margin) criterion for separable datasets but, in the nonseparable case, the SVC minimizes the L ₁ norm of the training errors plus a regularizing term, to control the machine complexity. The L ₁ norm is chosen because it allows to solve the minimization with a Quadratic Programming (QP) scheme, as in the separable case. But the L ₁ norm is not truly an “error counting” term as the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) inductive principle indicates, leading therefore to a biased solution. This effect is specially severe in low complexity machines, such as linear classifiers or machines with few nodes (neurons, kernels, basis functions). Since one of the main goals in data mining is that of explanation, these reduced architectures are of great interest because they represent the origins of other techniques such as input selection or rule extraction. Training SVMs as accurately as possible in these situations (i.e., without this bias) is, therefore, an interesting goal. We propose here an unbiased implementation of SVC by introducing a more appropriate “error counting” term. This way, the number of classification errors is truly minimized, while the maximal margin solution is obtained in the separable case. QP can no longer be used for solving the new minimization problem, and we apply instead an iterated Weighted Least Squares (WLS) procedure. This modification in the cost function of the Support Vector Machine to solve ERM was not possible up to date given the Quadratic or Linear Programming techniques commonly used, but it is now possible using the iterated WLS formulation. Computer experiments show that the proposed method is superior to the classical approach in the sense that it truly solves the ERM problem.     

串行数据约束条件 确定示波器存储深度的探讨

你进行串行数据分析时所需的实时示波器内存大小取决于你想完成的作业.检查几项常见的验证与故障排除任务有助于确定你需要多大内存.     

Fracture behaviour of thermosetting polymers for ophthalmic lenses

In the worldwide market we found strongly positioned two thermosetting materials for ophthalmic lenses: CR-39 and Superfin. In this work, the fracture behaviour of both materials is studied through the application of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) using two geometries: double torsion and three point bending. The fracture toughness has been determined by the double torsion technique. CR-39 showed a continuous and stable crack propagation, whereas Superfin exhibited a stick-slip behaviour whose instability decreased when the strain rate increased. The values at crack initiation agreed with the fracture toughness results of single edge notched tests in bending geometry.     

Degradation of C.I. Basic Red 29 solution by combined ultrasound and Co-H2O2 system

Ultrasonic degradation of Basic Red 29 (BR29) textile dye in the presence of Co²⁺-H₂O₂ system was investigated in this study. The effects of presence of ultrasonic power, concentrations of cobalt (II) acetate (Co(II)Act) and H₂O₂, temperature and initial pH on the BR29 degradation were examined. Initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L BR29 was used in the study as a model solution. In sonication experiments, an ultrasonic bath at a frequency of 40 kHz was employed. Best experimental conditions were also obtained in the studies as follows: 1000 mg/L Co(II)Act, 1000 mg/L H₂O₂, 40 °C and original pH of 6.70.According to the results, after 30 min of sonication in the presence of Co²⁺-H₂O₂ dye removal efficiency of practically 100% was achieved. It was also found that US enhanced the degradation rate of BR29.     

Efficient cerium-based sol-gel derived phosphors in different garnet matrices for light-emitting diodes

Efficiency of sol-gel derived Y_3−xAl₅O₁₂:Ce_x³⁺ (YAG:Ce) and Y_3−xMg₂AlSi₂O₁₂:Ce_x³⁺ (YMASG:Ce) phosphors, which are prospective for application in white light emitting diodes (LED), is studied. Sets of samples containing different cerium amount x from 0.015 to 0.06 and sintered at different temperatures (1400-1550 °C) were investigated. Importance of absorption peculiarities in agglomerates of phosphor nanocrystals is demonstrated by studying the excitation wavelength dependence of quantum efficiency and by applying PL measurements in confocal mode. Emission saturation is demonstrated to occur at higher excitation intensities than those typical for operating white LEDs.     

研究性教学模式在影视实验教学中的应用

研究性教学是一种以学生为本的教学理念,它将科学研究引入到教学和学习过程中,并以培养学生的自主探究能力和创新能力为目标.目前,研究性教学的合理性和优越性在我国高等教育中已得到广泛的认同,但是在实际教学中则存在推行乏力的状况.文章从研究性教学模式的概念和内涵出发,分析了在影视实验教学中进行研究性教学的必要性;同时结合实际教学,对影视实验的研究性教学过程进行了梳理和总结.     

Using Trained Inmate Observers for Suicide Watch in a Federal Correctional Setting: A Win-Win Solution.

This study examined the impact of using inmate observers for suicide watch within a federal correctional-mental health setting. Results indicate a significant decrease in the mean number of hours inmates remained on suicide watch ( p = .036) following the implementation of the Inmate Observer Program (IOP). Overall, suicidal inmates with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder remained on suicide watch significantly longer ( p = .004) than did inmates in other diagnostic groups. The psychotic group, however, had a significant decrease in mean hours on suicide watch ( p = .001) following the implementation of the IOP. Also, individuals with personality disorders had significantly fewer watches ( p = .033) when inmate observers were used. Initial findings suggest that the use of inmate observers reduces the length of time that suicidal peers remain on watch without compromising standard of care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

色彩的视觉感应与包装的色彩效果

通过对色彩的特性、功能、情感、民俗性分析，论述了色彩对人们视觉刺激的心理感应作用，及商品包装色彩设计的表现手法和视感特征。