Cost assessment and evaluation of various hydrogen delivery scenarios

In this paper, performance and cost assessment studies, including the stages of hydrogen storage, transmission and distribution of three different hydrogen delivery pathways are undertaken comparatively. The produced hydrogen is stored under different temperatures and pressures and then transported to the nearby cities for distribution. In addition, three different methods for the transportation of the produced hydrogen to the distribution centers are studied, which are as transportation for hydrogen by the pressurized tanks, cryogenic liquid hydrogen tanker and the gas pipelines. Moreover, the transmission options from the distribution center to the target consumer are also examined for three different conditions. As a result, the hydrogen production capacity, the levelized cost of energy distribution (in $/kg), the infrastructure costs (truck, tanker number, gas line costs, etc.) for the selected transmission scenario are calculated. Furthermore, the environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions) and some application parameters of the proposed system (e.g., number of hydrogen fuel stations and the distance between the stations, length of the distribution lines, etc.) are also determined. The highest levelized cost of delivery is obtained as 8.02 $/kg H₂ for the first scenario whereas the lowest cost is obtained as 2.73 $/kg H₂ for the third scenario.     

Polarization Properties of Photoluminescence of Anisotropic Polymer Films Containing Aligned Au Nanorods and Semiconductor Nanoparticles of Various Shape

Semiconductors - Anisotropic polymer films containing aligned Au nanorods and semiconductor nanoparticles of various shape were fabricated. The photoluminescence of semiconductor nanoparticles in...     

Charge transfer and delocalization studies from Kβ-to-Kα intensity ratios in CoxCu1−x alloys

Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Co and Cu have been measured in pure metals and in alloys of Co_xCu_1−x (x = 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2) following excitation by 22.69 keV X-rays from a ¹⁰⁹Cd radioactive point source. The valence-electronic configurations of these metals were determined by corporation of measured Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios with the results of multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) calculation for various valence-electronic configurations. Valance electronic configurations of Co and Cu in alloys indicate significant differences with respect to the pure metals. Our analysis indicates that these differences arise from delocalization and/or charge transfer phenomena in alloys. Namely the observed change of the valence-electronic configurations of metals in alloys can be explained with the transfer of 3d electrons from one element to the other element and/or the rearrangement of electrons between 3d and 4s, 4p states of individual metal atoms.     

Teaching construction sciences with the integration of BIM to undergraduate architecture students

This study aims to test two hypotheses: teaching building information modeling (BIM) in relation to construction science provides students with a remarkable understanding of the nature of construction science (Hypothesis 1), and if the student has positive attitude toward the use of the BIM program, then efficiency by which construction science is taught by its means is improved (Hypothesis 2). Results and process of a case study with a novel teaching methodology were discussed in terms of the benefits of the students. A questionnaire study was conducted on the student group with which the case study was performed to test each student's attitude. Results were evaluated statistically. When BIM is integrated with the teaching of basic construction courses within architecture degree programs, the students understood the building system principles simply and effectively. As a result of the statistical analysis, the students find the applied method effective. Moreover, their attitude toward BIM affects the process.     

Platinum‐promoted fibrous silica Y zeolite with enhanced mass transfer as a highly selective catalyst for n‐dodecane hydroisomerization

A fibrous silica zeolite Y (HY@KCC‐1) catalyst with a high surface area of 568 m²/g and unique core‐shell morphology was successfully synthesized via a modified KCC‐1 synthesis method. Characterization of the catalysts was achieved with X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), N₂ adsorption/desorption, and 2,6‐dimethylpyridine adsorbed Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Pt/HY@KCC‐1 has displayed complete n‐dodecane conversion coupled with an incredibly enhanced isomer yield of 72% at 350°C, nearly two‐fold higher than that of unmodified Pt/HY catalyst. Remarkably, Pt/HY@KCC‐1 had an internal effectiveness factor (η) of unity and negligible internal diffusion limitation, thus suggesting its potential application in hydroisomerization of higher hydrocarbons for enhancing fuel properties.     

Determination of Antioxidant Properties of Fruit Juice by Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regression

The multivariate calibration methods—principal component regression and partial least squares—were employed for the prediction of antioxidant capacities of fruit juices. High-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric approaches were used to determine the antioxidant capacities of fruit juices. The importance of calibration design was investigated by calculating the prediction and validation errors. The influences of using independent validation sets were emphasized. Calibration design is shown to have major effect on principal component regression and partial least squares errors. The models developed on the basis of the mean-centered data were able to predict the total antioxidant activity with a precision comparable to that of the reference [2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulfonic acid)] method. The partial least squares model seems preferable because of its predictive and describing abilities and good interpretability of the contribution of compounds to the antioxidant capacity. The contribution of individual phenolic compounds to the antioxidant capacity was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography.     

Efficiency calculation of feed structures and optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray for highest G/T

For an antenna array, different feed structure topologies may yield the same radiation characteristics. However, different topologies may result in different efficiency and noise performance. In this paper, parallel arm antenna arrays are analyzed for efficiency and noise temperature using the noise equivalent line length method (NELL) with the number of antenna elements in a subarray as a parameter. It is shown that efficiency of an antenna array feed structure as well as its noise temperature can be calculated using the NELL method. The comparison of the two parameters, efficiency and noise temperature, yield the optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray of a parallel arm antenna array for the highest G/T ratio.     

Learning differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases using voting feature intervals

A new classification algorithm, called VFI5 (for Voting Feature Intervals), is developed and applied to problem of differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases. The domain contains records of patients with known diagnosis. Given a training set of such records, the VFI5 classifier learns how to differentiate a new case in the domain. VFI5 represents a concept in the form of feature intervals on each feature dimension separately. classification in the VFI5 algorithm is based on a real-valued voting. Each feature equally participates in the voting process and the class that receives the maximum amount of votes is declared to be the predicted class. The performance of the VFI5 classifier is evaluated empirically in terms of classification accuracy and running time.