Schedulability analysis of global edf

The multiprocessor edf scheduling of sporadic task systems is studied. A new sufficient schedulability test is presented and proved correct. It is shown that this test generalizes the previously-known exact uniprocessor edf-schedulability test, and that it offers non-trivial quantitative guarantees (including a resource augmentation bound) on multiprocessors.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic characterization of naturally occurring glassy fulgurites

We report here for the first time the spectroscopic characterization of natural fulgurites of Garuamukh. On April 22, 2005 at 04:00 local time, large amounts of black-brown colour of colloidal solution came out from below the earth’s surface at Garuamukh near Nagaon town (latitude 26°20′39″N, longitude 92°41′39″E, Assam, India) with fire and smoke. This colloidal solution got transformed into fulgurites, glassy material, within a few hours. We present here the characterization of the fulgurites by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods. The amorphous nature of the substance has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra of the fulgurites, which exhibit prominent absorption band in the region 400–1200 cm⁻¹, the basic component of amorphous silica. The present study might have significant implications in understanding the thermodynamic properties of naturally occurring glasses, which are formed by shock metamorphism.     

Impact of high-k spacer on device performance of a junctionless transistor

The impact of spacer dielectric on both sides of gate oxide on the device performance of a symmetric double-gate junctionless transistor (DGJLT) is reported for the first time. The digital and analog performance parameters of the device considered in this study are drain current (I _D ), ON-state to OFF-state current ratio (I _ON /I _OFF ), subthreshold slope (SS), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), intrinsic gain (G _m R _O ), output conductance (G _D ), transconductance/drain current ratio (G _m /I _D ) and unity gain cut-off frequency (f _T ). The effects of varying the spacer dielectric constant (k _sp ) on the electrical characteristics of the device are studied. It is observed that the use of a high-k dielectric as a spacer brings an improvement in the OFF-state current by more than one order of magnitude thereby making the device more scalable. However, the ON-state current is only marginally affected by increasing dielectric constant of spacer. The effects of spacer width (W _sp ) on device performance are also studied. ON-state current marginally decreases with spacer width.     

Assessment of tree seed oil biodiesel: A comparative review based on biodiesel of a locally available tree seed

The present investigation is undertaken to investigate prospect of seeds of a locally available tree (koroch) for biodiesel production. The middle-size, evergreen koroch tree with spreading branches are available in Assam. The characteristics of koroch biodiesel and engine performance fueled by koroch biodiesel are also analyzed reviewing similar results available in the literature so as to ascertain its status. Twelve number of different tree seed oils, reported earlier, are considered for making the present comparative assessment. Though transesterification has been the common process for converting tree seed oil into biodiesel, as evidenced from the literature consulted in this study, but there have been variations of the chemical processes. Variations of the transesterification are attributed to (i) types of catalysis viz., acid (H₂SO₄) or base (KOH, NaOH, and NaOCH₃), (ii) reaction temperature, (iii) molar ratio, (iv) nature of reaction viz., single stage or multi-stage. The outputs of the reaction have also been found varying in terms of yield as well as quality. Quality of biodiesel, however, was found to influence by the nature of feedstock. The assessment of quality parameters was made either by ASTM D 6751 or EN 14214 standards. The major fuel properties such as calorific value, kinematic viscosity, cetane number and cloud point of the reference biodiesel (koroch biodiesel) are compared with the properties of five biodiesel obtained from non-edible tree seed (karanja, mahua, polonga, jatropha and rubber seed) and then ranked them in order of desirable property. No single biodiesel type could be found at top rank with reference to more than one property. With regards to viscosity, except rubber seed biodiesel, all other biodiesels (karanja, mahua, polonga, jatropha and koroch) fulfilled the ASTM D 6751 (1.9-6 cSt) as well as EN14214 (3.5-5) standards. Koroch biodiesel ranks 3rd, 3rd and 6th in case of kinematic viscosity, cetane number and calorific value amongst the biodiesel types considered for the present study. Cloud point of koroch, polanga, mahua, rubber, karanja and jatropha biodiesels are 4, 13.2, 5, 4, 12 and 4 °C. Further, properties of biodiesel were found to have influencing correlation with the fatty acid characteristics of the feedstock. Therefore, biodiesel with desirable properties could be expected form optimum mixing of different feedstock.Eleven number of different engine performance results pertaining to uses of biodiesel are also reviewed in this paper. Varying test conditions with reference to fuel types and blends, engine size and loading pattern are discussed. Engine performance results of koroch biodiesel were then compared with five similar tree-based biodiesel. It is observed that tree seed oil with more unsaturated fatty acids exhibits lower thermal efficiency compared to biodiesel having more saturated acids.     

Flavour volatiles of Assam CTC black teas manufactured from different plucking standards and orthodox teas manufactured from different altitudes of Darjeeling

Biochemical correlations between volatile flavour constituents (VFC) of CTC bluck teas manufactured from fine and coarse plucking of Assam tea and orthodox teas fiom three different altitudes were carried out by GC-MS. In general, fine plucking produced more monoterpenoids and less nonterpenoids than coarse plucking. The volatile flavour compounds were similar in all types of tea except that geranoic acid was detected in Darjeeling teas. The different ecosystems of Assam and Darjeeling have been found to have a pronounced impact upon aroma concentration. However, major diferences between the volatiles of teas from the different altitudes at Darjeeliny appear to be not so significant.     

Effect of Fe(III) on the polymerization of butyl methacrylate initiated by a charge-transfer mechanism

The effect of the Lewis acid, iron(III) tris(oxalato)ferrate(III) tetrahydrate (Fe-[Fe(C₂O₄)₃].4H₂O) (A) on the polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BuMA) initiated by a charge-transfer mechanism has been studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 60°C. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was used as a nitrogen donor compound to initiate the polymerization in the presence of carbon tetrabromide (CBr₄). Induction periods are observed for the polymerization initiated by DNPH and CBr₄. The rate constant at 60°C for the polymerization of BuMA in the presence of A is 1.70×10⁵L/mols^?1. The molecular weight of polymers decreases with the increase of [ A ]. A probable reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the observed results. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

One‐dimensional transient heat conduction in a bilayer finite slab: A case study in the printing process

In this work, a typical case of heat distribution is examined during a paper printing process, based on one‐dimensional transient heat conduction in two‐layer finite slabs with an insulated free surface, and a constant temperature free surface. Analytical solutions were obtained in non‐dimensional form. Various examples of applying these solutions are presented. The accuracy of the solutions, with respect to time, is analyzed considering the eigenvalues of their infinite solutions. It is observed that the larger the number of eigenvalues in consideration, the better the accuracy of the solutions. The model related to a two‐layer slab describes the simplified case in which all heat transfer occurs only by conduction. The solutions obtained are finally compared with the solutions for heat conduction in two semi‐infinite solids. The comparison between the two solutions shows that results are in good agreement only during short time scales. The heat distribution study is expected to be helpful in knowing the effectiveness of various mediums to be used as the reciever during the printing process; however, there is scope for development of more robust models.