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排序方式: 共有3574条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
In the reinforcement learning system, the agent obtains a positive reward, such as 1, when it achieves its goal. Positive
rewards are propagated around the goal area, and the agent gradually succeeds in reaching its goal. If you want to avoid certain
situations, such as dangerous places or poison, you might want to give a negative reward to the agent. However, in conventional
Q-learning, negative rewards are not propagated in more than one state. In this article, we propose a new way to propagate
negative rewards. This is a very simple and efficient technique for Q-learning. Finally, we show the results of computer simulations
and the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
102.
103.
Atsushi Kameda Masahito Yamamoto Azuma Ohuchi Satsuki Yaegashi Masami Hagiya 《Natural computing》2008,7(2):287-298
DNA machines consisting of consecutive hairpins, which we have previously described, have various potential applications in
DNA computation. In the present study, a 288-base DNA machine containing four consecutive hairpins was successfully constructed
by ligation and PCR. PAGE and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments verified that all four hairpins were successfully opened
by four opener oligomers, and that hairpin opening was dependent on the proper openers added in the correct order. Quantitative
analysis of the final results by fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that all four hairpins were open in about 1/4 to 1/3
of the DNA machines. 相似文献
104.
Yoshihiro Nakajima Mitsuhisa Sato Yoshiaki Aida Taisuke Boku Franck Cappello 《Journal of Grid Computing》2008,6(2):141-157
We present a framework for a parallel programming model by remote procedure calls, which bridge large-scale computing resource
pools managed by multiple Grid-enabled job scheduling systems. With this system, the user can exploit not only remote servers
and clusters, but also the computing resources provided by Grid-enabled job scheduling systems located on different sites.
This framework requires a Grid remote procedure call (RPC) system to decouple the computation in a remote node from the Grid
RPC mechanism and uses document-based communication rather than connection-based communication. We implemented the proposed
framework as an extension of the OmniRPC system, which is a Grid RPC system for parallel programming. We designed a general
interface to easily adapt the OmniRPC system to various Grid-enabled job scheduling systems, including XtremWeb, CyberGRIP,
Condor and Grid Engine. We show the preliminary performance of these implementations using a phylogenetic application. We
found that the proposed system can achieve approximately the same performance as OmniRPC and can handle interruptions in worker
programs on remote nodes.
Yoshihiro Nakajima is a Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 相似文献
105.
Isao Kobayashi Yoshihiro Wada Kunihiko Uemura Mitsutoshi Nakajima 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,5(5):677-687
This study investigated the generation of oil drops using new symmetric and asymmetric through-hole-array devices made of
stainless steel. The through-hole-array devices were built by piling up six stainless-steel plates, each having circular micro-holes
with a diameter of 300 or 500 μm or micro-slots with a shorter line of 300 or 500 μm. Drops were generated by injecting a
dispersed phase (refined soybean oil) via the through-hole array into a compartment filled with a continuous phase (Milli-Q
water solution containing one of two emulsifiers). The drop detachment from symmetric and asymmetric through holes was observed
in real time and analyzed. Uniform oil drops with average diameters of 1.0–4.1 mm and coefficients of variation of typically
less than 6% were generated using symmetric and asymmetric through-hole-array devices. The resultant drop diameters for asymmetric
through-hole arrays were significantly smaller than those for symmetric through-hole arrays. This paper also discusses experimental
results regarding the effects of the microstructure, the dimensions of the through holes, and the type of emulsifier on drop
generation and the resultant drop diameter. 相似文献
106.
Straight-through microchannel devices for generating monodisperse emulsion droplets several microns in size 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Isao Kobayashi Takayuki Takano Ryutaro Maeda Yoshihiro Wada Kunihiko Uemura Mitsutoshi Nakajima 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,4(3):167-177
The authors recently proposed a promising technique for producing monodisperse emulsions using a straight-through microchannel
(MC) device composed of an array of microfabricated oblong holes. This research developed new straight-through MC devices
with tens of thousands of oblong channels of several microns in size on a silicon-on-insulator plate, and investigated the
emulsification characteristics using the microfabricated straight-through MC devices. Monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W) and
W/O emulsions with average droplet diameters of 4.4–9.8 μm and coefficients of variation of less than 6% were stably produced
using surface-treated straight-through MC devices that included uniformly sized oblong channels with equivalent diameters
of 1.7–5.4 μm. The droplet size of the resultant emulsions depended greatly on the size of the preceding oblong channels.
The emulsification process using the straight-through MC devices developed in this research had very high apparent energy
efficiencies of 47–60%, defined as (actual energy input applied to droplet generation/theoretical minimum energy input necessary
for making droplets) × 100. Straight-through MC devices with numerous oblong microfluidic channels also have great potential
for increasing the productivity of monodisperse fine emulsions. 相似文献
107.
Real robots should be able to adapt autonomously to various environments in order to go on executing their tasks without breaking
down. They achieve this by learning how to abstract only useful information from a huge amount of information in the environment
while executing their tasks. This paper proposes a new architecture which performs categorical learning and behavioral learning
in parallel with task execution. We call the architectureSituation Transition Network System (STNS). In categorical learning, it makes a flexible state representation and modifies it according to the results of behaviors.
Behavioral learning is reinforcement learning on the state representation. Simulation results have shown that this architecture
is able to learn efficiently and adapt to unexpected changes of the environment autonomously.
Atsushi Ueno, Ph.D.: He is a research associate in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Graduate School of Information Science at the
Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST). He received the B.E., the M.E., and the Ph.D. degrees in aeronautics and
astronautics from the University of Tokyo in 1991, 1993, and 1997 respectively. His research interest is robot learning and
autonomous systems. He is a member of Japan Association for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI).
Hideaki Takeda, Ph.D.: He is an associate professor in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Graduate School of Information Science at the
Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST). He received his Ph.D. in precision machinery engineering from the University
of Tokyo in 1991. He has conducted research on a theory of intelligent computer-aided design systems, in particular experimental
study and logical formalization of engineering design. He is also interested in multiagent architectures and ontologies for
knowledge base systems. 相似文献
108.
It is well known that in unidentifiable models, the Bayes estimation provides much better generalization performance than the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. However, its accurate approximation by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods requires huge computational costs. As an alternative, a tractable approximation method, called the variational Bayes (VB) approach, has recently been proposed and has been attracting attention. Its advantage over the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, often used for realizing the ML estimation, has been experimentally shown in many applications; nevertheless, it has not yet been theoretically shown. In this letter, through analysis of the simplest unidentifiable models, we theoretically show some properties of the VB approach. We first prove that in three-layer linear neural networks, the VB approach is asymptotically equivalent to a positive-part James-Stein type shrinkage estimation. Then we theoretically clarify its free energy, generalization error, and training error. Comparing them with those of the ML estimation and the Bayes estimation, we discuss the advantage of the VB approach. We also show that unlike in the Bayes estimation, the free energy and the generalization error are less simply related with each other and that in typical cases, the VB free energy well approximates the Bayes one, while the VB generalization error significantly differs from the Bayes one. 相似文献
109.
Japanese/English Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Exploration of Query Translation and Transliteration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), where queriesand documents are in different languages, has of late become one ofthe major topics within the information retrieval community. Thispaper proposes a Japanese/English CLIR system, where we combine aquery translation and retrieval modules. We currently target theretrieval of technical documents, and therefore the performance of oursystem is highly dependent on the quality of the translation oftechnical terms. However, the technical term translation is stillproblematic in that technical terms are often compound words, and thusnew terms are progressively created by combining existing basewords. In addition, Japanese often represents loanwords based on itsspecial phonogram. Consequently, existing dictionaries find itdifficult to achieve sufficient coverage. To counter the firstproblem, we produce a Japanese/English dictionary for base words, andtranslate compound words on a word-by-word basis. We also use aprobabilistic method to resolve translation ambiguity. For the secondproblem, we use a transliteration method, which corresponds wordsunlisted in the base word dictionary to their phonetic equivalents inthe target language. We evaluate our system using a test collectionfor CLIR, and show that both the compound word translation andtransliteration methods improve the system performance. 相似文献
110.