Control of the J-Aggregation Phenomenon by variation of the N-alkyl-substituents

Cyanine dyes ( 1a–d ) with the 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-di-(3-carboxypropyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine chromophore differing only in the chain length of their alkyl groups in 1,1′-position have been synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and compared with 5,5′6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-diethyl-3,3′-di-(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine( TDBC ). In aqueous solution the dyes form J-aggregates which, depending on the alkyl group chain length, exhibit J-bands differing in spectral positions, bandwidth, and in the number of peaks.     

Structural and Physicochemical Changes of Potato Starch Along Periodate Oxidation

Dialdehyde starches were prepared by oxidation with periodate. The influence of the degree of oxidation of the dialdehyde starch on its microstructural and physicochemical properties such as crystallinity, granular structure, complexing capacity with iodine and lysolecithine and water absorption are discussed. Oxidation appears to cause a gradual decrease of any microstructure, meanwhile water absorption is observed to be maximal at intermediate degrees of oxidation. A structure-swelling relationship has been developed and compared with the washing efficiency during purification.     

生物聚合物的创新应用

描述了生物聚合物的创新应用.探索了两种趋势的原因.首先,最近三年中,原油价格猛涨,各种衍生物的价格也随之上涨,促使人们寻找其他可能的原料.其次,欧洲农业处于重大变革的前夜,环境法律的实施,向世界经济的开放以及补贴的减少,促使农业寻找新的市场.玉米和糖用甜菜可能是未来的出路.     

Removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solutions via oxygen reduction using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode cell

The removal of formaldehyde from waste streams to <0.3 ppm has been demonstrated using a cell with a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode; the formaldehyde is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, formed at the cathode by reduction of oxygen. In most electrolytes studied (e.g. NaOH, NaCl and Na₂SO₄), the formaldehyde is oxidised only to formic acid. On the other hand, the addition of a low concentration of an iron salt (i.e. 0.5 mm), catalyses the complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. The removal of formaldehyde can be achieved in media of low ionic strength (< 10 mm) although the use of iron salts necessitates the adjustment of pH to 3 to maintain the catalyst in solution.     

Influence of Flavor on Goat Feeding Preferences

Goat feeding preferences for straw pellets flavored with ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Belida) or white clover (Trifolium repens, cv. Huia) aromatic extracts, obtained by means of a cold aromatic extraction method, were assessed with cafeteria trials. Prior to the trials, odor differences between the two plant species, the two aromatic extracts, and the straw pellets sprayed with the two aromatic extracts were verified using sensory analysis performed by 30 human panelists. Since odor differences observed among fresh samples were still detectable in aromatic extracts and moistened pellets, the extraction method was considered effective in reproducing plant odors. Straw pellets sprayed with either distilled water (W) or ryegrass (R) or clover (C) aromatic extracts were used to assess flavor preferences of 12 female Rossa Mediterranea goats. Sprayed pellet preference was evaluated in two sessions conducted in two consecutive weeks. Each session consisted of three two-choice presentations performed on three consecutive days. In both sessions, food intake, proportion of food intake, time spent feeding, and proportion of time spent feeding were significantly affected by pellet type (0.05 > P > 0.001). In particular, straw pellets sprayed with ryegrass extract were highly selected compared to those sprayed with clover (0.01 > P > 0.001) or water (0.01 > P > 0.001). In addition, in the second session, the clover extract was preferred to distilled water (0.05 > P > 0.01). The results of this study gave two main indications: first, goat selectivity for ryegrass against clover was consistent even when straw pellets sprayed with odors of these plants were offered, and secondly, the addition of aromatic extracts to straw pellets increased the preference for pellets.     

A systematic comparison of PCA‐based Statistical Process Monitoring methods for high‐dimensional,time‐dependent Processes

High‐dimensional and time‐dependent data pose significant challenges to Statistical Process Monitoring. Most of the high‐dimensional methodologies to cope with these challenges rely on some form of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model, usually classified as nonadaptive and adaptive. Nonadaptive methods include the static PCA approach and Dynamic Principal Component Analysis (DPCA) for data with autocorrelation. Methods, such as DPCA with Decorrelated Residuals, extend DPCA to further reduce the effects of autocorrelation and cross‐correlation on the monitoring statistics. Recursive Principal Component Analysis and Moving Window Principal Component Analysis, developed for nonstationary data, are adaptive. These fundamental methods will be systematically compared on high‐dimensional, time‐dependent processes (including the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process) to provide practitioners with guidelines for appropriate monitoring strategies and a sense of how they can be expected to perform. The selection of parameter values for the different methods is also discussed. Finally, the relevant challenges of modeling time‐dependent data are discussed, and areas of possible further research are highlighted. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1478–1493, 2016     

HAT-097B甲苯歧化催化剂反应性能的研究

研究了以β沸石为主体的HAT-097B催化剂在催化甲苯和C₉芳烃歧化与烷基转移反应中，反应空速、温度及原料中C₁₀芳烃含量对反应性能的影响。结果表明，该催化剂在重量空速2.5h^-1，反应温度380℃时反应转化率高达47%，并可使用C₁₀芳烃含量达8%的反应原料，可综合利用芳烃资源，具有良好的工业化前景。     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

粉煤灰处理废水是近几年粉煤灰综合利用研究的热点之一，本文就粉煤灰处理废水研究与应用的现状进行综述，粉煤灰处理废水的机理初步得到认识，其作用基本上以吸附为主，包括物理吸附和化学吸附，吸附规律符合Freundlich吸附等温式，粉煤灰对于染料废水，生产污水，焦化废水，酸性废水等污水均有较好的处理效果，但各种废水的质量分数均不能太高，提高吸附容量以及妥善处理吸附饱和灰是急需解决的问题。     

无内胎气门嘴胶料配方探讨

从生胶、硫化体系、防护体系和补强体系的选择以及炼胶工艺等方面对无内胎气门嘴胶料的配方进行探讨。经试验确定无内胎气门嘴胶料配方为：NR65；EPDM35；氧化锌5；硬脂酸1；炭黑65；硫黄2；促进剂1．35；防老剂2．5；松焦油2。炼胶时先将EPDM与炭黑混炼制成母炼胶后再加入已塑炼的NR进行混炼，由此获得的硫化胶除具有较好的物理性能外，耐热老化和耐臭氧老化性能良好。试制的无内胎气门嘴成品技术指标全部达到最新的国家标准的要求。     

我国地域经济差异与人口迁移研究

改革开放后的区域经济差异持续扩大是促动我国人口迁移空前活跃的主要因素,而日趋活跃的人口迁移亦对区域经济差异产生均衡作用。本文通过测算我国1985-2000年各省区在人口迁移前后“人口—GDP”的基尼系数变化,验证了人口迁移对区域经济发展不均衡的减缓作用。在此基础上,测算区域经济达到均衡状态下的各省区理论人口和人口迁移潜力,并重点分析了县一级行政地域的理论人口和人口迁移潜力分布。