Integration von Sach- und Dienstleistungen – Ausgewählte Internetquellen zur hybriden Wertschöpfung

The article presents results of an internet research on product-service systems. Web sites showing interesting practical examples and studies available online are presented to point out the practical relevance of innovative combinations of products and services. The multiplicity of research projects found on the internet shows that this phenomenon is also discussed intensively in research. These projects have been categorized by analyzing their web sites. Furthermore, the results of the internet research highlight a high diversity of terms for describing the concept of product-service systems. As a consequence, orientation in this subject area is hindered.     

Structure-function studies of an IGF-I analogue that can be chemically cleaved to a two-chain mini-IGF-I

The structure and biological activities of two disulphide isomersof a C-region deletion mutant of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) which has an Asn–Gly link engineered at the junctionof the A- and B-regions were studied before and after chemicalcleavage. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra and binding affinityto IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) indicated that the treatmentwith hydroxylamine did not disrupt the overall tertiary foldof the hormones. Cleavage restored some binding affinity forthe IGF-I receptor in both isomers and weakly restored the abilityto stimulate incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA inNIH 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with the human IGF-I receptor.Cleavage also restored metabolic capacity, as measured by theability of the isomers to promote lipogenesis in isolated ratadipocytes through the insulin receptor. These results are consistentwith the theory that binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptorrequires a conformational change similar to that involved ininsulin binding the insulin receptor. The weak affinity forthe IGF-I receptor after cleavage is consistent with the beliefthat residues in the C-region interact with the IGF-I receptor.This structural difference between insulin and IGF-I gives eacha higher binding affinity for its own receptor.     

Perspektiven der Plasmamedizin

Prospects of plasma medicine: Applications of Tissue Tolerable Plasmas (TTP) Based on the current knowledge on the physical properties and biological effects of tissue tolerable plasma (ttp) potential perspectives of plasma medicine are discussed. Currently, the foundations for the following medical applications of ttp are developed by an interdisciplinary research team: Prevention and/or treatment of diseases such as chronic wounds, skin and mucosal infectious diseases, localized tumors, promotion of angiogenesis, and tissue ablation Inhibition and/or elimination of biofilms by prevention of biofilm development due to surface treatment and/or plasma steered application of antimicrobial active layers with drug delivery function on foreign objects implanted into humans (implantable prosthesis, contact lenses, stents etc.) as well as elimination of biofilms by direct action of ttp on surfaces and tissues (chronic wounds, tooth surface, prosthesis) promotion of the incorporation of implants into viable tissue by changing the surface of materials (hydrophobicity) Promotion of penetration of topically applied drugs with therapeutic results Assessment of veterinary indications Improved cleaning performance in reprocessing of medical devices by surface modification.     

Active coke: Carbonaceous materials as catalysts for alkane dehydrogenation

The catalytic dehydrogenation (DH) and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes are of significant industrial importance. In this work both carbonaceous material deposited on VO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts during reaction and unsupported carbon nanofibres (CNFs) are shown to be active for the dehydrogenation of butane in the absence of gas-phase oxygen. Their activity in these reactions is shown to be dependent upon their structure, with different reaction temperatures yielding structurally different coke deposits. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), among other techniques, has been applied to the characterisation of these deposits – the first time this technique has been employed in coke studies. TEM and other techniques show that coke encapsulates the catalyst, preventing access to VO_x sites, without a loss of activity. Studies on CNFs confirm that carbonaceous materials act as catalysts in this reaction. Carbon-based catalysts represent an important new class of potential catalysts for DH and ODH reactions.     

Synthesis of tadpole-shaped POSS-containing hybrid polymers via “click chemistry”

Copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide “click chemistry” is applied in the preparation of tadpole-shaped (“monochelic”) POSS-end functional hybrid polymers by combining with ATRP and RAFT polymerization. Alkyne-functionalized ATRP initiator and RAFT agent were respectively synthesized and applied in the preparation of alkyne-terminal poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. The tadpole-shaped POSS-containing hybrid polymers are easily obtained by the click reaction with an azido-functional POSS molecule. This presents a novel and effective method to prepare POSS-containing hybrid polymers.     

Nitrogen balances in farmers fields under alternative uses of a cover crop legume: a case study from Nicaragua

Canavalia brasiliensis (canavalia), a drought tolerant legume, was introduced into the smallholder traditional crop-livestock production system of the Nicaraguan hillsides as green manure to improve soil fertility or as forage during the dry season for improving milk production. Since nitrogen (N) is considered the most limiting nutrient for agricultural production in the target area, the objective of this study was to quantify the soil surface N budgets at plot level in farmers fields over two cropping years for the traditional maize/bean rotation and the alternative maize/canavalia rotation. Mineral fertilizer N, seed N and symbiotically fixed N were summed up as N input to the system. Symbiotic N₂ fixation was assessed using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method. Nitrogen output was quantified as N export via harvested products. Canavalia derived in average 69% of its N from the atmosphere. The amount of N fixed per hectare varied highly according to the biomass production, which ranged from 0 to 5,700 kg ha^?1. When used as green manure, canavalia increased the N balance of the maize/canavalia rotation but had no effect on the N uptake of the following maize crop. When used as forage, it bears the risk of a soil N depletion up to 41 kg N ha^?1 unless N would be recycled to the plot by animal manure. Without N mineral fertilizer application, the N budget remains negative even if canavalia was used as green manure. Therefore, the replenishment of soil N stocks by using canavalia may need a few years, during which the application of mineral N fertilizer needs to be maintained to sustain agricultural production.     

Metall-Recycling mittels Biohydrometallurgie

Biohydrometallurgy as a section of hydrometallurgy uses specific metabolic capabilities of microorganisms for metal extraction. Biomining is the application of bioleaching for metal extraction from sulfide ores. For recycling, i.e., metal extraction from waste and industrial residues, there are no biohydrometallurgical technologies yet, but promising laboratory studies on metal extraction from solids. In this review article, these are summarized, and perspectives are shown.     

新一代损纸碎浆机--CompactPulper

介绍了Voith造纸技术控股股份有限公司近期研发的新技术和新装备,包括CompactPulper 损纸碎浆机,经过优化设计的回收浆车间废渣处理系统,适合于所有纸种脱水的靴式压榨技术--NipcoFlex和TissueFlex,PrintFlex P压榨毛布,VTT真空引纸系统,Duoshake摇振器,Strato系列橡胶包覆层新品种等.     

The Influence of System Pressure on Bubble Coalescence in Nucleate Boiling

Boiling is one of the most effective heat transfer mechanisms. In spite of a long time of research, the physical fundamentals are still not sufficiently understood. Pursuing the objective to predict heat transfer based on physical and geometrical properties, experimental and numerical investigations are conducted at the institute of the authors. The focus of the presented research is the coalescence of two single bubbles under varying pressure conditions. In the experiment a thin stainless-steel foil is used as a Joule heater. The experiments were performed in a pressure range of 300–1000 mbar using FC72 as working fluid. Two types of heaters with a distance between two artificial nucleation sites of 300 μm (type 3) and 500 μm (type 5) were used. The experimental results indicate a strong dependence of the occurrence of bubble coalescence on pressure. For the type 5 heater, a Gaussian distribution for the coalescence frequency when plotted over pressure is observed. Experimental results with the type 3 heater show a similar distribution of the frequency with a shifted maximum. Further, it is shown that during bubble coalescence a small droplet can remain inside the bubble and enhance the heat transfer, which is attributed to an additional thin film region. The formation of this remaining droplet is sensitive to system pressure. Numerical investigations of bubble coalescence were conducted with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM. In OpenFOAM, dynamic mesh handling allows high spatial resolution at the phase boundary, which is captured with the volume-of fluid method. Evaporation and a subgrid microscale model were implemented in the flow solver to account for evaporation at the phase boundary and the three-phase contact line. The results show a strong dependence of bubble dynamics and coalescence on contact angle and bubble growth rate. Although it was possible to observe the creation of the residual droplet, more effort needs to be put into finding appropriate initial conditions.