Stabilized electrospinning of heat stimuli/in situ crosslinkable nanofibers and their self‐same nanocomposites

We present a strategy for stabilizing the morphological integrity of electrospun polymeric nanofibers by heat stimuli in situ crosslinking. Amorphous polymer nanofibers, such as polystyrene (PS) and its co‐polymers tend to lose their fiber morphology during processing at temperatures above their glass transition temperature (T_g) typically bound to happen in nanocomposite/structural composite applications. As an answer to this problem, incorporation of the crosslinking agents, phthalic anhydride (PA) and tributylamine (TBA), into the electrospinning polymer solution functionalized by glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) copolymerization, namely P(St‐co‐GMA), is demonstrated. Despite the presence of the crosslinker molecules, the electrospinning polymer solution is stable and its viscosity remains unaffected below 60 °C. Crosslinking reaction stands‐by and can be thermally stimulated during post‐processing of the electrospun P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fiber mat at intermediate temperatures (below the T_g). This strategy enables the preservation of the nanofiber morphology during subsequent high temperature processing. The crosslinking event leads to an increase in T_g of the base polymer by 30 °C depending on degree of crosslinking. Crosslinked nanofibers are able to maintain their nanofibrous morphology above the T_g and upon exposure to organic solvents. In situ crosslinking in epoxy matrix is also reported as an example of high temperature demanding application/processing. Finally, a self‐same fibrous nanocomposite is demonstrated by dual electrospinning of P(St‐co‐GMA) and stabilized P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA, forming an intermingled nanofibrous mat, followed by a heating cycle. The product is a composite of crosslinked P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fibers fused by P(St‐co‐GMA) matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44090.     

Visualization of water drying in porous materials by X‐ray phase contrast imaging

We present in this study results from X‐ray tomographic microscopy with synchrotron radiation performed both in attenuation and phase contrast modes on a limestone sample during two stages of water drying. No contrast agent was used in order to increase the X‐ray attenuation by water. We show that only by using the phase contrast mode it is possible to achieve enough water content change resolution to investigate the drying process at the pore‐scale. We performed 3D image analysis of the time‐differential phase contrast tomogram. We show by the results of such analysis that it is possible to obtain a reliable characterization of the spatial redistribution of water in the resolved pore system in agreement with what expected from the theory of drying in porous media and from measurements performed with other approaches. We thus show the potential of X‐ray phase contrast imaging for pore‐scale investigations of reactive water transport processes which cannot be imaged by adding a contrast agent for exploiting the standard attenuation contrast imaging mode.     

Pt nanoparticles synthesized with new surfactants: improvement in C1–C3 alcohol oxidation catalytic activity

Platinum electrocatalysts were prepared using PtCl₄ as a starting material and 1-decylamine, N,N-dimethyldecylamine, 1-dodecylamine, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, 1-hexadecylamine, and 1-octadecylamine as surfactants. These surfactants were used for the first time in this synthesis to determine whether the primary and/or tertiary structure and/or chain length of the surfactants, affects the size and/or activity of the catalysts in C₁–C₃ alcohol electro-oxidation reactions. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) indicated that the highest electrocatalytic performance was observed for the Pt nanocatalysts that were stabilized by N,N-dimethyldecylamine, and this has a tertiary amine structure with a short chain length (R = C₁₀H₂₁). The high performance may be due to the high electrochemical surface area, Pt(0)/Pt(IV) ratio, %Pt utility, and roughness factor (R _f). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the parameters that affect the catalytic activities.     

Hybrid dual-curable cyanate ester/boron phosphate composites via sequential thiol-ene photopolymerization and thermal polymerization

The aim of this study was to improve hybrid dual-curable cyanate ester/boron phosphate composites via sequential thiol-ene photopolymerization and thermal polymerization for high performance applications such as aerospace and electronic devices. A novel 2,2′-diallylbisphenol A dicyanate ester (DA-BADCy) which is the allyl group containing cyanate ester was synthesized and characterized. DA-BADCy, silicon containing monofunctional thiol compound, trifunctional thiol compound and boron phosphate were cured using both ultraviolet (UV) and thermal methods. Using thiol-ene system, cyanate ester formulations, which are normally prepared at high temperatures, were prepared at room temperature. This study maintains ease of application for cyanate esters. Thermal stability, flammability and thermal conductivity of the samples were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and laser flash method, respectively. The samples were characterized with the following analysis; gel content, water absorption capacity and stress–strain test. Hydrophobicity of the samples was determined by the contact angle measurements. Moreover, the surface morphology of the samples was investigated by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS). The obtained results prove that the composites have good thermal and mechanical properties and with the help of easier preparation techniques, they can be used in many applications such as aerospace, electronic devices, materials engineering.     

降解温和气单胞菌AHLs乳酸菌的筛选及在三文鱼保鲜中的应用

从传统发酵食品中筛选对温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria）N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯（N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs）信号分子具有降解活性的乳酸菌,对其进行菌种鉴定,探究乳酸菌产生的群体感应淬灭作用酶存在位置与类型。以三文鱼为载体,通过测定细菌菌落总数、持水力、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值以及挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值等指标评价乳酸菌抑制温和气单胞菌致腐能力的效果。结果表明：采用96孔板法结合牛津杯法筛选获得1株对温和气单胞菌AHLs降解活性接近100%的菌株YF-8,经鉴定为戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）。菌株YF-8淬灭酶存在于胞外上清液中,且在酸性、中性条件下均具有降解活性,初步判定为AHLs酰基转移酶。通过生长曲线确定YF-8淬灭酶粗提物在亚抑菌质量浓度2.0、4.0 mg/mL和6.0 mg/mL时不影响温和气单胞菌生长。此外,感染温和气单胞菌的三文鱼经YF-8淬灭酶粗提物处理过后,细菌菌落总数、持水力、TBA值...     

纤维增强沙漠砂砂浆砖砌体轴心受压性能试验研究

为了研究沙漠砂砂浆和CBF纤维增强砂浆对砖砌体轴心受压性能的影响,设计了4组砂浆配合比,并砌筑4组砖砌体轴心受压试件,以普通砂砂浆砖砌体作为对比组,研究沙漠砂砂浆和纤维增强砂浆砖砌体轴心受压性能,结果表明：可以配制出与普通砂砂浆相同强度等级的沙漠砂砂浆,沙漠砂砂浆砌体轴心受压性能和普通砂砂浆砖砌体类似,都表现出明显的脆性破坏特征;0.1%CBF纤维掺量和20%沙漠砂替代率为最优组合,其轴心受压脆性破坏程度明显降低,抗压强度和弹性模量明显高于普通砂砂浆砖砌体。     

一种负载均衡的FiWi网络视频多路径传输机制

针对用户差异化的需求及融合网络局部过载造成视频业务中断的问题,提出一种负载均衡的视频传输机制.首先根据光纤无线接入网络的前端结构特点来改进分裂多径路由协议以获得路径选取模型;其次计算视频在无线侧的延迟和路径差分延迟,并确定其阈值作为用户体验质量约束;最后在考虑用户体验质量的同时,采用多级惩罚函数的粒子群优化算法进行视频...     

某含铷花岗岩矿石中伴生钽铌锂的综合回收试验研究

伴生资源综合利用是绿色矿山建设、节约能源的重要举措。某地花岗岩型独立铷矿中伴生钽、铌、锂金属,为实现该铷矿的资源化利用,对钽、铌、锂进行了详细的综合回收试验研究。矿石中Ta₂O₅、Nb₂O₅、Li₂O品位分别为42.15g/t、184.00g/t和0.086%;钽铌赋存于铌铁矿中,锂主要赋存于铁锂云母中。确定采用磁选优先回收铌铁矿和铁锂云母—磁精矿重选回收钽铌—重选尾矿浮选回收锂的选矿工艺。试验结果表明:在磨矿细度为-0.074mm占61.81%的条件下,经弱磁选除铁—强磁选—两段摇床重选得到含11 650 g/t Ta₂O₅、50 400g/t Nb₂O₅的钽铌精矿,钽、铌回收率分别为38.46%和38.11%,钽、铌富集比均超过270;以碳酸钠、水玻璃作为调整剂,氧化石蜡皂和十二胺作为阴阳离子组合捕收剂,对重选尾矿进行浮选富集铁锂云母,经1次粗选、1次精选、1次扫选获得Li_2<...     

芽孢杆菌应用于聚乳酸的降解及其降解条件的研究

采用液体培养法,将巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌应用于聚乳酸生物降解,探究降解过程中培养条件的改变,对蛋白酶活性以及薄膜降解过程的影响。结果表明：不同种类的诱导物能够提高芽孢杆菌的蛋白酶活性,巨大芽孢杆菌的最高蛋白酶活性约为23.79 U/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的最高蛋白酶活性约为11.61 U/mL,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的最高蛋白酶活性约为21.23 U/mL。三种芽孢杆菌中,巨大芽孢杆菌对聚乳酸的生物降解影响最大。初始pH值为8.0,接种2%(V/V)种子液,1%酵母浸粉作为降解诱导物,可以有效加快巨大芽孢杆菌对聚乳酸的降解速率,5 d后降解率可达20.96%。薄膜表面存在菌生长,生物降解后出现轻微裂痕。