Visible light sensitive photocatalysts of Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by a simple solid-state reaction method, using zinc acetate, α-Fe2O3 and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption measurement, UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy and used for photodecolorization of Congo red. The characterization results showed that the morphology, crystallite size, BET surface area and optical absorption of the samples varied significantly with the Fe3+ to Zn2+ ratios. The nanocomposites show two absorption edges at ultraviolet and visible region. The optical band gap values of these nanocomposites were calculated to be about 3.98–3.81 eV and 2.88–2.98 eV, which show a red shift from that of pure ZnO. These red shifts are related to the formation of Fe s-levels below the conductive band edge of ZnO and effectively extend the absorption edge into the visible region. The growth mechanisms of the samples are proposed. These nanocomposites showed high decolorization ability in visible light with wavelength up to about 400 nm. Among the samples, Fe2O3/ZnO nanoflower (molar ratio of Fe3+ to Zn2+ is 1:100) exhibited higher decolorization efficiency than the other nanocomposites. It could be considered as a promising photocatalyst for dyes treatment. 相似文献
The demand for data security schemes has increased with the significant advancement in the field of computation and communication networks. We propose a novel three-step text encryption scheme that has provable security against computation attacks such as key attack and statistical attack. The proposed scheme is based on the Pell sequence and elliptic curves, where at the first step the plain text is diffused to get a meaningless plain text by applying a cyclic shift on the symbol set. In the second step, we hide the elements of the diffused plain text from the attackers. For this purpose, we use the Pell sequence, a weight function, and a binary sequence to encode each element of the diffused plain text into real numbers. The encoded diffused plain text is then confused by generating permutations over elliptic curves in the third step. We show that the proposed scheme has provable security against key sensitivity attack and statistical attacks. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is secure against key spacing attack, ciphertext only attack, and known-plaintext attack. Compared to some of the existing text encryption schemes, the proposed scheme is highly secure against modern cryptanalysis. 相似文献
This work investigates radiofrequency shielding by polypyrrole (PPy)-coated fibrous mats consisting of nano and regular fibers.
Radiofrequency shielding protects human beings as well as electronic devices from the harmful effects of radiofrequency waves.
The results of this study show that, generally, lowering the fiber diameter of the coated mats increases the reflection but
decreases the absorption of radiofrequency radiation in the range of 5 GHz to 8 GHz. Moreover, absorption of higher frequencies
is greater than that of lower frequencies, whereas for reflection the opposite trend is observed. The sum of absorption and
reflection of radiofrequencies in the range of 5 GHz to 8 GHz by PPy-coated mats is not affected by the fiber diameter of
the mats. PPy-coated regular poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber mats with weight per unit
area of 16.67 mg/cm2 provide radiofrequency shielding above 85%. Nanofibrous mats with weight per unit area of nearly 60 times less showed similar
radiofrequency shielding effectiveness as regular fiber mats, highlighting the importance of the high specific surface area
of nanofibers. 相似文献
In this paper, with respect to reviewing and comparing existing social networks’ datasets, we introduce SNEFL dataset: the first social network dataset that includes the level of users’ likes (fuzzy like) data in addition to the likes between users. With users’ privacy in mind, the data has been collected from a social network. It includes several additional features including age, gender, marital status, height, weight, educational level and religiosity of the users. We have described its structure, analysed its features and evaluated its advantages in comparison with other social network datasets. On top of that, using unique feature of SNEFL dataset (fuzzy like) for the first time a rule-based algorithm has been developed to detect involuntary celibates (Incels) in social networks. Despite Incels activities in online social networks, until now no study on computer science has been performed to identify them. This study is the first step to address this challenge that society is facing today. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in identifying Incels among all social network users is 23.21% and among users who have fuzzy like data is 68.75%. In addition to the Incel detection, SNEFL dataset can be used by researchers in different fields to produce more accurate results. Some study areas that SNEFL dataset can be used in are network analysis, frequent pattern mining, classification and clustering.
Chitosan (N-deacetylated derivative of chitin) was solubilised in different aqueous dicarboxylic acid solutions, including
oxalic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid and also in monocarboxylic acetic acid. These dicarboxylic acid solutions
were used with the objective that they not only act as solvents but also enhance material properties of chitosan gel films
through chemical cross-linking. The properties including conformational changes of chitosan, chemical interaction, and mechanical,
morphological and thermal characteristics of selected chitosan samples studied in this work. The circular dichroism study
indicated that the intensity of the broad negative transition of chitosan helical structure in the wavelength region of 190–230 nm
decreased with decreasing the chain length of the dicarboxylic acids. The infrared spectra revealed the formation of amide
linkage between chitosan and carboxylic acids in solid state. The cross-sections of the films produced from malonic acid and
acetic acid solutions of chitosan exhibited granular morphologies with different granule sizes and hill-valley-structures
under atomic force microscope. The chitosan/malonic acid film showed improved water resistance and decreased tensile properties
compared with the chitosan/acetic acid and chitosan/adipic acid films. These physical characteristics of chitosan/malonic
acid film are attributed to the dual effects of malonic acid, which acts as a chemical cross-linker and also as a plasticizer.
A strong glass transition (Tg) peak at 166 °C in differential scanning calorimetric analysis was observed, indicating the possible plasticizing effect
with malonic acid. 相似文献
In this research paper, we discuss the use of calibration technique to propose some new estimators under stratified sampling design and its use in reliability engineering. We first proposed the estimators using the calibration technique and then modify the already existing control charts such as Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average and hybrid exponentially weighted moving averages using these calibration estimators. We also have studied the use of the proposed control charts in detail by showing their efficiency in terms of average run length. We find out that a hybrid control chart is more effective to detect the early shifts in the mean of the process. 相似文献