Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Learning Enabled Cyberbullying Classification in Social Media

Cyberbullying (CB) is a challenging issue in social media and it becomes important to effectively identify the occurrence of CB. The recently developed deep learning (DL) models pave the way to design CB classifier models with maximum performance. At the same time, optimal hyperparameter tuning process plays a vital role to enhance overall results. This study introduces a Teacher Learning Genetic Optimization with Deep Learning Enabled Cyberbullying Classification (TLGODL-CBC) model in Social Media. The proposed TLGODL-CBC model intends to identify the existence and non-existence of CB in social media context. Initially, the input data is cleaned and pre-processed to make it compatible for further processing. Followed by, independent recurrent autoencoder (IRAE) model is utilized for the recognition and classification of CBs. Finally, the TLGO algorithm is used to optimally adjust the parameters related to the IRAE model and shows the novelty of the work. To assuring the improved outcomes of the TLGODL-CBC approach, a wide range of simulations are executed and the outcomes are investigated under several aspects. The simulation outcomes make sure the improvements of the TLGODL-CBC model over recent approaches.     

Solution‐Processed Ti3C2Tx MXene Antennas for Radio‐Frequency Communication

Highly integrated, flexible, and ultrathin wireless communication components are in significant demand due to the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronic devices in the fifth‐generation (5G) network era, but only conventional metals meet the requirements for emerging radio‐frequency (RF) devices so far. Here, it is reported on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene microstrip transmission lines with low‐energy attenuation and patch antennas with high‐power radiation at frequencies from 5.6 to 16.4 GHz. The radiation efficiency of a 5.5 µm thick MXene patch antenna manufactured by spray‐coating from aqueous solution reaches 99% at 16.4 GHz, which is about the same as that of a standard 35 µm thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight. MXene outperforms all other materials evaluated for patch antennas to date. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an MXene patch antenna array with integrated feeding circuits on a conformal surface has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target frequency in practical 5G applications. The versatility of MXene antennas in wide frequency ranges coupled with the flexibility, scalability, and ease of solution processing makes MXene promising for integrated RF components in various flexible electronic devices.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO/C microflowers for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation: kinetics,mechanism and recyclability

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - We developed an improved hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and ZnO/C microflowers through the facile hydrothermal technique. The obtained...     

Fuzzy-based sustainability evaluation method for manufacturing SMEs using balanced scorecard framework

Sustainability has become a necessity, partly due to the threats created by traditional manufacturing practices, and due to regulations imposed by stakeholders. Performance evaluation is an important component of sustainability initiatives in manufacturing organizations. This study proposes a sustainability evaluation method for manufacturing SMEs using integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchal process (FAHP) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) approach. The performance indicators are identified from literature considering the characteristics of SMEs. Balanced scorecard framework is used to categorize the indicators among its four aspects. The linguistic variables are used to collect the opinions of decision makers about the performance ratings and importance of the aspects and corresponding indicators. The FAHP method is applied to determine the relative weights of measures and indicators. The performance ratings of the organization with respect to indicators and relative weights of indicators are combined to obtain the weighted performance ratings. The weighted performance ratings are considered as inputs to FIS. The hierarchal FIS is applied to derive the overall sustainability performance. Using a case study of manufacturing SME, the sustainability score of the organization was elicited in accordance with this procedure. Consequently, a sensitivity analysis of the proposed method reveals the most important basic indicators affecting overall sustainability, identifying areas which decision makers should place special attention. This method can also assist managers of larger enterprises to assess the effectiveness of their sustainability strategies, especially when dealing with suppliers from the SMEs.     

Measurement of Onset of Structural Relaxation in Melt-Quenched Phase Change Materials

Chalcogenide phase change materials enable non-volatile, low-latency storage-class memory. They are also being explored for new forms of computing such as neuromorphic and in-memory computing. A key challenge, however, is the temporal drift in the electrical resistance of the amorphous states that encode data. Drift, caused by the spontaneous structural relaxation of the newly recreated melt-quenched amorphous phase, has consistently been observed to have a logarithmic dependence in time. Here, it is shown that this observation is valid only in a certain observable timescale. Using threshold-switching voltage as the measured variable, based on temperature-dependent and short timescale electrical characterization, the onset of drift is experimentally measured. This additional feature of the structural relaxation dynamics serves as a new benchmark to appraise the different classical models to explain drift.     

Testing closed source software: computer forensic tool case study

Computer forensic techniques are important for the prevention, detection, and investigation of electronic crime. Computer forensic investigators need computer forensic tools to produce reliable results that meet legal requirements and are acceptable in the courts. Most of these tools are closed-source, making the software a black-box for testing purposes. This paper illustrates a different black box testing method for experimenting computer forensic tools based on functional scenarios.     

Comparison of the mechanical properties and interfacial interactions between talc,kaolin, and calcium carbonate filled polypropylene composites

Three types of mineral fillers—talc, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and kaolin (10–40 wt % filler loadings)—were compounded with polypropylene (PP) with a twin‐screw extruder. The composites were injection‐molded, and the effects of the filler loading on the mechanical, flow, and thermal properties for the three different types of filled composites were investigated. The aim was to compare their properties and to deduce prospective filler combinations that would yield hybrid PP composites in following studies. The results showed that in most cases, the strength and stiffness of the talc‐filled PP composites was significantly higher than those of the CaCO₃‐ and kaolin‐filled PP composites. However, CaCO₃, being a nonreactive filler, increased the toughness of PP. The kaolin‐filled PP composites also showed some improvement in terms of strength and stiffness, although the increases in these properties were not as significant as those of the talc‐filled PP composites. The effects of interfacial interactions between the fillers and PP on the mechanical properties were also evaluated with semiempirical equations. The nucleating ability of all three fillers was studied with differential scanning calorimetry, and the strongest nucleating agent of the three was talc, followed by CaCO₃ and kaolin. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3315–3326, 2004     

Thermally Resistive Electrospun Composite Membranes for Low‐Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting

In this work, thermally insulating composite mats of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blends are used as the separator membranes. The membranes improve the thermal‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency of a thermally driven electrochemical cell (i.e., thermocell) up to 95%. The justification of the improved performance is an intricate relationship between the porosity, electrolyte uptake, electrolyte uptake rate of the electrospun fibrous mat, and the actual temperature gradient at the electrode surface. When the porosity is too high (87%) in PAN membranes, the electrolyte uptake and electrolyte uptake rate are significantly high as 950% and 0.53 µL s^?1, respectively. In such a case, the convective heat flow within the cell is high and the power density is limited to 32.7 mW m^?2. When the porosity is lesser (up to 81%) in PVDF membranes, the electrolyte uptake and uptake rate are relatively low as 434% and 0.13 µL s^?1, respectively. In this case, the convective flow shall be low, however, the maximum power density of 63.5 mW m^?2 is obtained with PVDF/PAN composites as the aforementioned parameters are optimized. Furthermore, multilayered membrane structures are also investigated for which a bilayered architecture produces highest power density of 102.7 mW m^?2.     

Supervisory routing control for dynamic load balancing in low data rate wireless sensor networks

Routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are designed to select parent nodes so that data packets can reach their destination in a timely and efficient manner. Typically neighboring nodes with strongest connectivity are more selected as parents. This Greedy Routing approach can lead to unbalanced routing loads in the network. Consequently, the network experiences the early death of overloaded nodes causing permanent network partition. Herein, we propose a framework for load balancing of routing in WSN. In-network path tagging is used to monitor network traffic load of nodes. Based on this, nodes are identified as being relatively overloaded, balanced or underloaded. A mitigation algorithm finds suitable new parents for switching from overloaded nodes. The routing engine of the child of the overloaded node is then instructed to switch parent. A key future of the proposed framework is that it is primarily implemented at the Sink and so requires few changes to existing routing protocols. The framework was implemented in TinyOS on TelosB motes and its performance was assessed in a testbed network and in TOSSIM simulation. The algorithm increased the lifetime of the network by 41 % as recorded in the testbed experiment. The Packet Delivery Ratio was also improved from 85.97 to 99.47 %. Finally a comparative study was performed using the proposed framework with various existing routing protocols.     

Common mode voltage reduction of quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter

Quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter (IMC) combines both advantages of conventional IMC and quasi‐Z source inverter, for example, no direct current (DC) link capacitor, compact all‐silicon power converter, bidirectional power flow, input power factor controllable, and high voltage gain; moreover, it does not require additional input filter, because continuous quasi‐Z source network integrates LC filter function. However, there is no literature to disclose common mode voltage (CMV) issue of quasi‐Z source IMC. In this paper, for the first time, the CMV issue and reduction of quasi‐Z source IMC are investigated. Firstly, the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC is analyzed when using current typical modulation method, which follows the brief introduction of topology and modulation method for quasi‐Z source IMC, and the factors that affect the CMV are figured out; Secondly, referring to the CMV reduction methods of conventional IMC, two solutions named as Methods I and II to reduce the CMV for quasi‐Z source IMC are developed, which are achieved in the inverter stage; the third CMV reduction method is proposed in the rectifier stage through redefining the six sectors of the rectifier stage, which can implement zero current commutation. Experimental bench is built to test three approaches for reducing the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC. Comparative evaluation is carried out between three methods and conventional modulation method. Experimental results verify that three methods can significantly reduce the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC, with the CMV peak value reduction of 42%, but they present different features in terms of input and output current THDs, switching loss, CMV root mean square (RMS) value, modulation index limitation, and so on. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.