Recovery of boric acid from ulexite by leaching with hydrochloric acid derived from waste chlorine gas and froth flotation

A process for producing boric acid from ulexite and the recovery of the product by flotation is described. It was found that the degree of conversion of ulexite to boric acid decreased with rising HCl concentration. The undissolved mineral, together with other impurities such as clays, could be depressed by Quebracho, Orzan-S, Daxad-23 or starch, the first two being more effective. Concentrates assaying 97.1% H₃BO₃ were obtained without resorting to recrystallisation of the product. No flotation reagents other than the above-mentioned were necessary for the process.     

松萝酸的抑菌作用研究

研究松萝酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、短链芽孢杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、苏云金杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,并将其抑菌效果与苯甲酸和山梨酸对比。结果表明,松萝酸的抑菌效果强于苯甲酸和山梨酸;对苏云金杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽杆菌、短链芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度分别为0.500、0.557、0.557、0.525、1.76mg/ml,对它们的抑菌能力由大到小为：金黄色葡萄球菌＞短链芽孢杆菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌＞苏云金杆菌＞大肠杆菌。     

Blowoff dynamics of bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames

This article concerns the flame dynamics of a bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flame as it approaches lean blowoff. Time resolved chemiluminescence imaging along with simultaneous particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence were utilized in an axisymmetric bluff body stabilized, propane-air flame to determine the sequence of events leading to blowoff and provide a quantitative analysis of the experimental results. It was found that as lean blowoff is approached by reduction of equivalence ratio, flame speed decreases and the flame shape progressively changes from a conical to a columnar shape. For a stably burning conical flame away from blowoff, the flame front envelopes the shear layer vortices. Near blowoff, the columnar flame front and shear layer vortices overlap to induce high local stretch rates that exceed the extinction stretch rates instantaneously and in the mean, resulting in local flame extinction along the shear layers. Following shear layer extinction, fresh reactants can pass through the shear layers to react within the recirculation zone with all other parts of the flame extinguished. This flame kernel within the recirculation zone may survive for a few milliseconds and can reignite the shear layers such that the entire flame is reestablished for a short period. This extinction and reignition event can happen several times before final blowoff which occurs when the flame kernel fails to reignite the shear layers and ultimately leads to total flame extinguishment.     

Blowoff mechanism of harmonically forced bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames

Flame blowoff under harmonic forcing of upstream mixture velocity is analyzed for bluff-body stabilized conical premixed flames in a laboratory burner. It is found that the forced vortex shedding phenomenon within the recirculation zone, accompanies flame blowoff when the convective wavelength of the imposed oscillation is larger than the recirculation zone length in the streamwise direction. The experimental results obtained from combined particle image velocimetry and planar laser induced fluorescence of OH radical provide evidence for this behavior. The differences between forced and unforced flame blowoff are also discussed.     

分枝石蕊中松萝酸提取条件的优化

本实验研究了分枝石蕊中松萝酸提取方法以及提取条件的优化.结果表明,分枝石蕊中松萝酸的最佳提取条件为料液比为1:10,提取时间为4h,提取温度为60℃,提取次数为2次;黄绿色针状结晶体测得的熔点范围及吸收峰与松萝酸的相关报道一致,说明分枝石蕊是松萝酸提取的一种好材料.这为今后松萝酸的开发利用扩大了原料来源,并奠定了一定的研究基础.     

Entrainment in fire plumes

A new technique for measurement of mass flow rates in buoyant fire plumes is described. The characteristics of 10–200 kW methane diffusion flames stabilized on porous-bed burners of 0.10–0.50 m dia. are described. A transition in the dependence of flame height on heat input and burner size was observed when the flame height was about four times the burner diameter. The mass flow rates in the buoyant plumes produced by the fires were measured for a range of elevations starting just below the time-averaged top of the flame and extending to six times this flame height. The mass flow rates in this region of the plume were correlated by the use of a simple plume model. Atmospheric and forced disturbances in the air being entrained increased the entrainment rate of the plume.     

Macro peroxide initiators based on autoxidized unsaturated plant oils: Block/graft copolymer conjugates for nanotechnology and biomedical applications

The autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters is one of the most important reactions in food and biological systems. Autoxidation is a type of reaction between air oxygen and unsaturated plant oils. This reaction starts with a hydrogen abstraction on the methylene group adjacent double bond, leaving a radical onto the carbon atom. Molecular oxygen attacks this radical leading to produce peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives of the oligomerized unsaturated plant oils. Because peroxide groups thermally cleave to produce free radicals, hydroperoxide derivatives of unsaturated plant oil oligomers can be used in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers leading to the related block/graft copolymers. The obtained copolymers combined with the biodegradable natural plant oil gain superior properties such as biodegradability and softness. In this review article, the in vitro autoxidation of well-known unsaturated plant oils-soybean oil, linseed oil, and castor oil and some related unsaturated fatty acids-oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ricinoleic acid was carried out under atmospheric conditions with or without exposing white light. Because the autoxidized unsaturated oil/fatty acids contain peroxide/hydroperoxide groups (they are referred to as macro peroxide initiators) that they are used in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers to obtain block/graft copolymers. The improved polymerization conditions, characterization, and applications of the obtained products will be discussed.