陶瓷结合剂化学组成的计算与配方优化设计

本文利用计算机技术．对陶瓷结合剂化学成分进行精密计算．在此基础上，根据结合剂所需要的化学成分，采用数学模型精确优化设计出陶瓷结合剂配方(即各种原材料的配比)，文章介绍了上述算法具体实现方法，给出了算法模型和精确的程序语言描述，算法重点解决了误差放大．计算稳定性等工程计算问题，对实际系统运行样本数据进行了验证，同时，文章描述了算法所引用的数据库表的结构设计方法及提高数据库应用效率和灵活性的技巧；分析了整个软件系统模块组成，描述了系统功能。通过实际应用与测试．验证了该系统算法和软件系统的可用性，对研究开发新型陶瓷结合剂具有重要指导作用。     

Thermal analysis of laser surface transformation hardening—optimization of process parameters

This paper deals with the optimization of process parameters for maximum productivity (given by the product of scanning velocity and cross feed) in laser transformation hardening. The process parameters considered are laser beam power, P; laser beam diameter, D_b; and the heat intensity distribution, namely, normal, bimodal, or uniform. A thermal analysis of the laser surface transformation hardening of gears was conducted (based on Jaeger’s classical moving heat source method) by considering the laser beam as a moving plane (disc) heat source to establish the temperature rise distribution in the workpiece (gear) of finite width. In a recent investigation [Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 44 (2001) 2845], the authors considered the case of a heat source with a pseudo-Gaussian (or normal) distribution of heat intensity. The analytical results were compared with the experimental results published in the literature. In laser heat treatment of steel, it is generally considered preferable to use a wider heat intensity distribution, such as uniform or bimodal, for it enables more uniform case hardening depth. In this paper, this model is extended to cover bimodal and uniform distributions and compared with the normal distribution. Scanning velocities for no surface melting and for a case hardening depth of 0.1 mm were determined for surface transformation hardening of AISI 1036 (EN 8) steel for a range of laser beam powers, P, laser beam diameters, D_b, and various heat intensity distributions. Since diffusion during the heat treatment (surface transformation hardening) process is a time dependent phenomenon, based on the literature review, an interaction time of 15 ms was taken as a basis. It is hoped that laser industry with adequate facilities available can validate the thermal analysis and subsequent optimization presented in this paper.     

钻杆环缝数控自动焊机

研制的钻杆环缝数控自动机焊为全自动的数控焊机。用于钻杆与两端法兰的内外共4条环缝的焊接。工件的上料、定位、夹紧、内外焊枪的到位、内外焊枪的焊接、自动排列焊道各层各道的焊接工艺参数的改变等均能自动进行。不同管径和不同壁厚采用的各种焊接参数都可在人机界面上预置。采用富氩混合气体保护焊工艺方法，焊缝美观，性能优良，几乎没有飞溅。经大量的生产实践证明该钻杆环缝数控自动焊机焊接质量好，生产效率高。     

渗硼层脆性判据K的物理本质

从实验和理论上对显微硬度压痕结合声发射测量渗硼层脆性的合理性及其脆性判据Ｋ的物理意义进行了讨论。Ｋ值可以反映渗硼层显微压痕裂纹长度随负荷增加的变化率，因而可以表征渗硼层的脆性。根据断裂力学可以导出入与Ｇ＿（ＩＣ）之间存在如下关系：Ｋ＝β（Ｇ＿Ｉ－Ｇ＿（ＩＣ））。Ｋ值间接反映了渗硼层的断裂韧性，可以作为定量评价渗硼层本质脆性的力学参量。     

凝胶注模成型研究进展

凝胶注模成型是20世纪90年代初美国橡树岭国家实验室首创的胶态成型工艺.该工艺利用有机单体聚合反应形成的三维网络凝胶特性,使陶瓷悬浮体注入模具后原位固化成陶瓷坯体.它具有坯体均匀、坯体密度高、坯体强度高、近净尺寸成型等显著优点.本文全面阐述了凝胶注膜成型的近十年来的研究进展,并对其研究前景进行了展望.     

Preparation and characterization of biomorphic SiC hollow fibers from wood by chemical vapor infiltration

Biomorphic SiC hollow fibers were prepared by the reactive infiltration of SiO vapor into basswood-derived charcoal. Gaseous SiO was produced from a SiO₂/Si powder mixture in Ar at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structural morphology and phase compositions of the final products. The results show that the tubular cells in bulk charcoal are converted into lots of SiC hollow fibers with pore diameters of 10–50 μm and lengths ranging from hundreds of μm to several mm. Resulting SiC hollow fibers consist of β-SiC with a minute amount of α-SiC. The formation mechanism of SiC hollow fibers is based on the gas–solid reaction between SiO and carbon.     

生物形态多孔氮化钛陶瓷的碳热氮化法制备

研究了以生物模板(木炭)浸渍TiO2溶胶,高温碳热-氮化制备TiN陶瓷的工艺过程.应用热力学原理计算了经溶胶浸渍后形成的TiO2/C复合体系的氮化条件,确定了N2,CO分压对氮化温度的影响.采用碳热氮化法,在高浓度的氮气压力下反应烧结制备了具有生物形貌的多孔TiN/C陶瓷.结果表明在1400℃,4 h,0.5 MPa氮气压力下,得到了具有立方晶体结构的TiN/C多孔陶瓷,并保留了木材模板的显微结构.     

焊接热输入量对15MnVN钢热影响区断裂韧性的影响

采用COD 试验方法测定了15MnVN 钢多道焊四种热输入量焊接热影响区的断裂韧性。详细观察并测定了其微观组织、晶粒尺寸和不同组织的比例。结果表明,热输入量大,增大了热影响区粗晶区的晶粒尺寸,而由后续焊遭热循环作用产生的细晶区面积则减少,从而提高了转变温度。本文分析了多道焊热影响区脆化的原因和热输入量对脆化程度的影响,提出了板厚56mm 的这种合金钢的合适的焊接热输入量。     

掺杂对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3基无铅压电陶瓷弛豫性的影响

对(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3(NBBT)二元系压电陶瓷在准同型相界附近进行不同量的La,Mn掺杂,通过XRD、电学性能测试等,研究了掺杂对陶瓷微观结构及介电性能的影响.结果表明,La,Mn掺杂后,相变的弥散程度增大,体系的弛豫性增强.铁电体的弛豫性与基体内极性微区的有序度及尺寸、数量密切相关,对NBBT这种A位复合体系而言,La离子的介入在一定程度上引起电荷不平衡,促使微区长大;但是由于La的分隔作用,A位与B位的耦合作用大大减弱,体系整体有序度降低,弛豫性增强.Mn离子的B位掺杂有助于建立新的(AA')(BB')O3复合体系,因此也影响体系的弛豫性.     

HA—微孔钛基涂层种植体的复合强度

研究了羟基磷灰石(HA)和中性玻璃(G)的混合涂料在TC4多孔钛基体上的界面复合强度。探讨了中性玻璃含量、基体表面状态以及烧结工艺对这种涂层复合种植体的复合强度的影响。指出:复合的实质是中性玻璃与基体的润湿结合,最合适的玻璃含量为50 wt%,提高复合强度的关键,在于基体表面的TiN蒸镀处理,当TiN厚度为2～3 μm时,复合强度可达7.2 MPa。最佳烧结工艺为:900～950℃/30 min。