Consequences of fathers' participation in family work: Parents' role strain and well-being.

Examined the relation of fathers' participation in child care and home chores to parents' role strain and well-being in an interview study of 160 Caucasian middle-class fathers (mean age 41.11 yrs) and mothers (mean age 39.38 yrs) of kindergarten and 4th-grade children. In half of the families, mothers were employed. Four forms of paternal participation were examined. Role-strain items referred to immediate and specific problems such as time and energy constraints and role conflicts. Well-being measures assessed self-esteem, life satisfaction, and quality of experience in the parental and marital roles. Regression analyses indicated that when the level of fathers' participation was controlled maternal employment did not condition the relation between participation and the outcome variables. Findings varied for the different forms of participation. For fathers, higher levels of participation were associated with feeling more involved and competent as a parent and with being more critical of wives' patterns and parenting. For mothers, those whose husbands were more participant praised their husbands' parenting, but they were lower in life satisfaction and were more self-critical about their balance of work and family responsibilities. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect size estimation for one-sample multiple-choice-type data: Design, analysis, and meta-analysis.

This article proposes a standard, easy-to-interpret effect size estimate for one-sample research. The proportion index (π) shows the hit rate on a scale on which .50 is always the null value regardless of the number of equally likely choices. The index π is useful in the design of one-sample research because it can guide the best choice of number of response alternatives. Significance tests and confidence limits are readily computed. For meta-analyses of one-sample studies, tests of heterogeneity of a set of πs and contrasts among them are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Protein 4.1R-deficient mice are viable but have erythroid membrane skeleton abnormalities

A diverse family of protein 4.1R isoforms is encoded by a complex gene on human chromosome 1. Although the prototypical 80-kDa 4.1R in mature erythrocytes is a key component of the erythroid membrane skeleton that regulates erythrocyte morphology and mechanical stability, little is known about 4.1R function in nucleated cells. Using gene knockout technology, we have generated mice with complete deficiency of all 4.1R protein isoforms. These 4.1R-null mice were viable, with moderate hemolytic anemia but no gross abnormalities. Erythrocytes from these mice exhibited abnormal morphology, lowered membrane stability, and reduced expression of other skeletal proteins including spectrin and ankyrin, suggesting that loss of 4. 1R compromises membrane skeleton assembly in erythroid progenitors. Platelet morphology and function were essentially normal, indicating that 4.1R deficiency may have less impact on other hematopoietic lineages. Nonerythroid 4.1R expression patterns, viewed using histochemical staining for lacZ reporter activity incorporated into the targeted gene, revealed focal expression in specific neurons in the brain and in select cells of other major organs, challenging the view that 4.1R expression is widespread among nonerythroid cells. The 4.1R knockout mice represent a valuable animal model for exploring 4.1R function in nonerythroid cells and for determining pathophysiological sequelae to 4.1R deficiency.     

Electromagnetic modeling of waveguides involving finite-sizedielectric regions

A moment method for handling arbitrarily shaped 2-D and 3-D waveguides that involve either conductors, finite-size dielectric regions, or both is presented. A procedure for modeling the dielectric allows 2-D rooftop functions to represent both the 3-D polarization current in the dielectric and the surface current on the conductors, and precludes the presence of fictitious charge within the dielectric. Examples include coaxial, microstrip, and dielectric waveguides. Numerical convergence, consistency with physical principles, and agreement with the literature are demonstrated     

Impact of the location area structure on the performance ofsignaling channels in wireless cellular networks

The authors consider connection-oriented wireless cellular networks such as IS-54, IS-95, GSM, and wireless ATM networks. These are connection-oriented digital networks which employ separate radio channels for the transmission of signaling information. A forward signaling channel is a common signaling channel assigned to carry the multiplexed stream of paging and channel-allocation packets from a base station to mobile stations. For wireless ATM networks, paging and virtual-circuit (VC) allocation packets are multiplexed across the forward signaling channels as part of the VC setup phase. A reverse signaling channel, which employs a contention-oriented medium access algorithm, is used by mobile stations to send channel-request and location-update packets. A location area is a region which includes a specified set of adjacent cells; it is used to track the location of mobile stations. Mobile units must reregister as they cross the boundary of a location area. The channel setup and paging response times are critical performance factors in the design of the signaling subsystem. A location area structure must be suitably selected to ensure that acceptable levels of such performance functions are achieved. A network which employs small location-areas will experience a high rate of location updates, while larger location areas lead to higher traffic intensities of paging messages. The authors overview a method for calculating the performance behavior of signaling messages. Subsequently the impact of the location area structure on the performance of the signaling system is investigated     

Women and gender in research on work and family stress.

Research on work-related stress has tended to focus on males and to neglect gender as a variable; often, findings from studies of men are incorrectly generalized to women. The failure to "build women in" to conceptual models has impaired our understanding of both work and family role stressors. This article focuses on assumptions, gaps, and biases in the literature; the home, for example, has been viewed as a stress-free sanctuary, whereas workplace stress has been overemphasized and seen as particularly dangerous for women. To better understand the costs and benefits of employment and of multiple roles for women, and the stressfulness of family roles, more attention to the qualitative aspects of roles is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

锁相稳频技术在爱立信基站系统中的应用

介绍了锁相稳频技术在爱立信基站系统ＲＢＳ８８３、ＲＢＳ２００中的应用，并联系实际介绍了其在日常操作维护中的应用。     

Effectiveness of indirect evaporative cooling and thermal mass in a hot arid climate

In this paper, we compare results of a long-term temperature monitoring in a building with high thermal mass to indoor temperature predictions of a second building that uses an indirect evaporative cooling system as a means of passive cooling (Vivienda Bioclimática Prototipo -VBP-1), for the climatic conditions of Sde Boqer, Negev region of Israel (local latitude 30°52′N, longitude 34°46′E, approximately 480 m above sea level). The high-mass building was monitored from January through September 2006 and belongs to a student dormitory complex located at the Sde Boqer Campus of Ben-Gurion University. VBP-1 was designed and built in Maracaibo, Venezuela (latitude 10°34′N, longitude 71°44′W, elevation 66 m above sea level) and had its indoor air temperatures, below and above a shaded roof pond, as well as the pond temperature monitored from February to September 2006. Formulas were developed for the VBP-1, based on part of the whole monitoring period, which represent the measured daily indoor maximum, average and minimum temperatures. The formulas were then validated against measurements taken independently in different time periods. The developed formulas were here used for estimating the building's thermal and energy performance at the climate of Sde Boqer, allowing a comparison of two different strategies: indirect evaporative cooling and the use of thermal mass.     

Talk Radio as Interpersonal Communication

Those who called in to talk radio programs tended to find face-to-face communication less rewarding, were less mobile, felt talk radio was more important to them, and listened for more hours a day than those who did not call but who did listen.