How self-evaluations relate to being liked by others: Integrating sociometer and attachment perspectives.

What is the relation between self-evaluation and being liked by others? Does being liked by others lead to more positive self-evaluations (as in sociometer theory), or do positive self-evaluations lead to being liked more (self-broadcasting)? Furthermore, what might affect the extent to which self-evaluations are influenced by likability (and vice versa)? The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, it used a naturalistic design to test the direction of the effect between social self-evaluations and others' judgments of likability in real relationships. Second, it examined how individual differences in attachment avoidance and anxiety relate to self-evaluations and likability and whether attachment differences moderate the relation between the two. Social self-evaluations, actual interpersonal liking, and attachment were assessed in participants taking part in a longitudinal group study. The findings supported the sociometer theory: Being liked by others led to more positive self-evaluations. Both anxious and avoidant attachment predicted lower self-evaluations, and anxious attachment predicted stronger reactions to others' liking (i.e., potentiated the sociometer). These findings have several implications for research on selfevaluation, adult attachment theory, and the importance of integrating interpersonal processes and individual differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Refinement on the Notion of Type I and II (Co)MoS Phases in Hydrotreating Catalysts

Hydrotalcite-like compounds with boron anions in the interlayer were obtained using a coprecipitation method. The effect of different pH values during the preparation was investigated and the effect on crystallinity and phase distribution studied. The influence of different methods of acidity regulation was also analyzed. The efficiency of synthesis of boron-containing anionic clays was evaluated, and the good thermal stability of the materials was noted. Surface characteristics were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated to the bulk properties obtained by X-ray diffraction and ²⁷Al and ¹¹B MAS NMR. The samples tested in gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement showed caprolactam formation, and the results were related to the surface features.     

Biorobotic approaches to the study of motor systems

Biorobotics is a promising new area of research at the interface between biology and robotics. Robots can either be used as physical models of biological systems or be directly inspired by biological studies. A great deal of progress has recently been made in biorobotic studies of locomotion, orientation, and vertebrate arm control.     

Colostral cell-mediated immunity and the concept of a common secretory immune system.

Historically colostrum and milk have been thought to confer immunity on the neonate only by virtue of their immunoglobulin content. Recently we have observed that colostrum also contains viable T lymphocytes capable of expressing cell-mediated immunity in vitro and have employed techniques of lymphocyte culture to elucidate the local nature of mammary tissue immunity at the T-cell level. The results indicate that the activity of colostral lymphocytes appears not to represent the total immunological experience of the mother but that they may contain reactive clones beneficial for the suckling. Colostral immunity appears to depend upon sensitizing events within the intestine and respiratory tract, followed by the migration of lymphoid precursors to the breast, suggesting a relationship between the expression of immunity at various secretory surfaces.     

Lead poisoning from drinking Kombucha tea brewed in a ceramic pot

Kombucha tea is an alternative therapy that is gaining popularity as a remedy for a diverse range of ailments. We report two cases of symptomatic lead poisoning requiring chelation therapy in a married couple who had been drinking Kombucha tea for six months, brewing the tea in a ceramic pot. We postulate that acids in the tea eluted lead from the glaze pigment used in the ceramic pot, in a manner analogous to elution of lead from crystal decanters by wine and spirits.     

Ultrafiltration in der Lebensmittelindustrie

Ultrafiltration in the Food Industry Waste water from the processing of meat by-products during the recovery of wastes from slaughterhouses is heavily contaminated with biologically degradable matter. The use of membrane processes is a means for the reduction of fat and protein content, and consequently a reduction of chemical oxygen demand. In this direction, fundamental studies are being carried out in Alfa-Laval using Kalle tubular module systems. In the effluent water from a Centriflow plant, the reductions attained by the aid of ultrafiltration are 50% in protein content, 96% in fat content, and 75% in chemical oxygen demand. In the layout of an economically operating ultrafiltration plant using a suitable membrane and the same starting materials as above, one may expect an average rate of filtration of 50 l/m² · h.